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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 


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THE NORTHERN ROUTE. 


BOSTON to the WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

































Insure while in health; the sense of security is worth the cost. 


Economy only second to Security. 



ALBANY, N. Y. 


SPECIAL ADVANTAGES. 

Ten per cent, reduction from rates to practical 
Ilomosopathists. 

Annual Division of Profits. 

Immediate Payment of losses. 

All Policies Incontestable and Non-forfeitable, 
liberal Provisions to Travelers. 

AND BY SPECIAL ACT, 

The value of its Pegistered Policies is deposited 
with the State of New Yorh. 


This Company offers liberal inducements to first-class Agents. It will 
always render them the most substantial tokens of appreciation, and af¬ 
ford them every encouragement in sustaining a successful and honorable 
competition. 

(Officers; 

ROBERT H. PRUYN, President. 

JAMES HENDRICK, Vice-President. 

LOUIS B. SMITH, Secretary. 


SEND FOR A CIRCULAR. 


All men think all men mortal "but themselves. 


Insure Now! Present action will secure future comfort. 



























FMCENIX 

Mutual Life 


t 


HARTFORD, COM. 


Assets, Noyemlier 1,1868, 

OVER 

$ 3 , 500 , 000 . 


The following are some of the advantages offered by this Company: 

Its Policies are the freest from restrictions as to travel, residence, and empio r- 
ment, of any company in the land. Its premiums are as low as those of any safe 
company. Its dividends have been uniformly 50 per cent, during last four years. 
Its dividends are always based on full premium paid. It charges no extra pre¬ 
mium on lives of females. It oilers all the advantages of a Cash and Note Com 
pany. It is prompt in settling all just claims. 

That the public appreciates these advantages, is manifest from the following 

TABLE OF COMPARISONS OF THE BUSINESS, 

To* Ifie year ending June 15 t 166ti, with the Bueiness for the year preceding, of the PHOENIX MUTUAl 

LIFE INSURANCE COMP AN F. 


Number of Policies issued during year,. .. .7.167 

Number of Policies issued during previous year,.. . 4,331 

Increase,...2 ,806 

Rate of increase, 65 per cent. 

Amount Insured during year,.$19,685,254 

Amount insured during previous year,. 10,792,749 

Increase,..$8,892,505 

Rate of increase, 82 per cent. 

Income for the year,.$1,445,211 50 

Income for the previous year,-. 914.882 60 

Increase. $530,328 90 

Rate of increase, 68 per cent. 

Assets June 15, 1868,.$2,992,840 11 

Assets June 15,1867,. 1,746,507 72 

Increase,.$1,246,332 39 

Rate of increase, 71 per cent. 

iy>ceived from Interest, 1868.$146,808 33 

Paid in Losses, in 1868,. 114,140 34 

Showing that the Company received. .$32,667 99 

more from interest than it paid in losses. 

INSUEE IN THE “PHENE MUTUAL,” OF HAETFOED, CONN. 

J. F. BURNS, E. FESSENDEN, 

Secr<*«r». _ PrtiifaL 


Now York Agency, 153 Broadway. Boston Agency, 131 Washington St 


Albany “ 412 Broadway. Philadolphia “ 130 Walnut SL 





























HOBKEOFATHIC 

Mutual Life Insurance Company 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 

800 Policies issued First Six Months. 


Hates "Lower than any other State or National Company. 

HOMOEOP ATHISTS LOW ER STILL. 

Why pay twice as much as is necessary to insure, merely to let the 
company bank on your money and pay you back in dividends ? 

Dividends to a reasonable extent guaranteed in advance by deduction 
from premiums. 

All premiums, policies, and dividends in cash. 

LADIES, LOOK AT THIS! 

Females insured at same rates as males. All policies non-for- 
feitable. All dividends non-forfeitable. 

Ohtll 037 f037 3D OOtXIlTClltS. 


DIRECTORS. 

D. D. T. MARSHALL, 157 East 34th Street 
Hon. S. L. WOODFORD, Lieut.-Gov. State New York. 
JAMES CUSHING, Jr., of Leroy W. Fairchild & Co. 
EDWARD E. EAMES, of H. B. Claflin & Co. 

ELISHA BROOKS, of Brooks Brothers, 468 Broadway. 

Hon. R. B. CONNOLLY, Comptroller of N. Y. City. 

ROBERT SEWELL, of Sewell & Pierce, 62 Broadway. 
GEORGE G. LAKE, of Lake & McCreery, 471 Broadway. 
Hon. RICHARD KELLY, Pres’t of 5th National Bank. 

JOHN SIMPKINS, 20 Wall Street. 

W. C. DUNTON, of Bulkley, Dunton & Co., 4 John St. 
PETER LANG, of Laoig & Clarkson, 4 Front Street. 

W. B. KENDALL, of Bigelow Carpet Co., 65 Duane St 
H. W. WARNER, late Warner & Loop, 332 Fifth Ave. 
CHARLES L. STICKNEY, 209 Bowery. 

WILLIAM RADDE, Publisher, 550 Pearl Street. 

THOMAS B. ASTEN, 124 East 29th Street. 

G. B. HAMMOND, Tarrytown, N. Y. 

D. D. T. MARSHALL, President. 

JAMES CUSHING, Jr., Vice-Pres’t. 

E. A. STANSBURY, Secretary. 

A. HALSEY PLUMMER, Ass’t Secretary, 

STEWART L. WOODFORD, Counsel. 
EDWIN M. KELLOGG, M.D., 1 Medical 
JOHN W. MITCHELL, M.D., | Examiners. 
A. COOKE HULL, M.D., Medical Director. 


G-zEnsnsiR.A.x-. a.o-entts. 

RYNALL CLEVELAND, 231 Broadway, New York and New Jersey. 

Dr. JOHN TURNER, 725 Tremont Street, Boston, for Maine and Massachusetts. 
CHARLES G. WIGHT MAN, Bristol, Conn. 

JOHN G. DREW, 221 Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J. 

J. M. SABIN & CO. with I). R ANSOM A CO., Buffalo, N. Y. 

S. II. STAFFORD, Marietta, Ohio, for the States of Ohio and West Virginia. 

P. H. EATON, 343 F Street, Washington, D. C. 

ED. W. PHILLIP, 59 Second Street, Baltimore, Md. 

JOHN W. MARSHALL, Aurora, Illinois, for North-western States. 

JOHN W. SHEPHARD. St. Paul, Minn. 

JOHN V. HOGAN, 203 North Third Street, St. Louis. 


Jtffonts and Solicitors wanted , 


Send for Circular. 







HOME 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

254 Broadway, New York. 

Assets, $2,000,000 (increasing rapidly). 10,000 Members. 


In every respect a sound, first-class institution. 

Just such as a prudent man would select as the depository of the fundi 
designed for those he is to leave behind him. 

Policy Holders receive all the Profits. 

Dividends annual, on the contribution plan. 

This Company has declared and actually paid, a dividend to its Policy 
holders every year since its organization. 

No restriction in its Policies as to residence or travel in any part of the 
world. 

One-third the premium may, if desired, remain as a permanent loan, 
to be paid by the dividends. 

No Policy or other fees charged, and no extra premium on Females. 

SEND KOlt CIRCULAR. 


WALTER S. GRIFFITH, GFO. C. RIPIEY, 

President. Secretary/. 

ISAAC H. FRO THIN GH AM, WM. J. COFFIN, 

Treasurer. Actuary, 

GOOD AGENTS WANTED. 



HARTFORD, 


ASSETS 

$5,250,000, 

and rapidly 

increasing. 



^mtxtunu 





CONN. 

ANNUAL INCOME 

$3,250,000, 

and constantly 

enlarging. 


Policies issued, nearly 40,000. Losses paid, $1,750,000. Dividends paid, 
$1,500,000. Annual dividends paid, commencing with first renewal. 

J. C. WALKLEY, Pres. Z. A. STORRS, Yice-Pres. 

' S. H. WHITE, Sec’y. 


N. S. PALMER, Gen’l Agent for N. Y. City, 183 Broadway. 

N. B. STEVENS, “ “ for Conn. & W. Mass., Hartford, Conn. 

J. M. SCOFIELD, “ “ for E. Mass., Worcester. 

LON. WESTON, “ “ for N. H. & Vt, Concord, N. H. 









^ 4 itd crd ^ 

These Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, 
giving items of interest to the traveller for business or pleasure, and 

HANDSOMELY COLORED AND VERY PERFECT MAPS, 

enabling the traveller at every part of his journey to mark his precise 
locality, and recognize the surrounding scenery. 

I.—“ City of New York ” Guide. 

II.—“New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington.” 

III. — “Hudson River” Guide. 

IV. — “Hudson River Railway” Guide. 

V.—“Erie Railway” Guide. 

VI.— “New York to Saratoga, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls.” 

VII.— “New York Central Railway.” 

Vin.— “Springfield Route.” New York to Boston, via Springfield. 
IX.—“ Shore Line Route ” Guide. New York to Boston. 

X.— “Bristol Line” Guide. New York to Boston, via Bristol. 

XI.— “Stonington Line.” New York to Boston, via Stonington. 
XII.— “Norwich Line.” New York to Boston and White Mountains. 

XIII. —“New York to Montreal.” Route via New London. 

XIV. —“New York to White Mountains, via Connecticut River.” 
XV.—“ The Northern Route ” Guide. Boston to White Mountains, 

Montreal, and Ogdensburg. 

XVI.— “Harlem Route” Guide. 

XVII.— “Allentown Line” Guide. New York to Harrisburgh. 

XVIII.—“ Pennsylvania Coal Regions, via Morris and Essex R. R. 

XIX.— “Long Island,” via Long Island Railroad. 

XX.— “The Sound Routes to Boston.” 

Other Routes will soon be published. 


TAISTOR’S “CITY OF NEW YORK” 

Contains descriptions of, and directions for visiting the Public Buildings, Parks, 
Ckmetries, Islands, and Public Institutions in and around New York City ; also 
contains lists of the principal Hotels, Places of Amusement, Libraries, Clubs, 
Societies, Dispensaries, Horse Railroads, Omnibus Routes, Hack Fares, Ferries, 
&c.; also, 

A NEW STREET DIRECTORY, 

TRAVELLERS’ DIRECTORY AND CHURCH DIRECTORY, 

AND A 

LARGE COLORED MAP 

OF 

NEW YORK, BROOKLYN, JERSEY CITY, HOBOKEN, &c. 

Price, 25 cents. For Sale by Newsdealers and Booksellers. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS, Publishers, 678 Broadway N. Y. 



PIIELPS, DODGE & CO., 

13 to 21 CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



TIN PLATES, 
SHEET IKON, 
ZINC, 

BRASS, 


ROOFING PLATES, 
COPPER, 

WIRE, 

LEAD, and 


PIG TIN. 


BRAMHALL, DEANE & CO., 

247 & 249 WATER, STREET, 

NEW YORK. 

Hotel Ranges & Furniture 

A SPECIALTY. 





' ^ETNA 

Life Insurance Company 

OIF 1 HARTFORD, OOUXTJNT. 


This old and reliable Company issued 

Over 15,000 Policies durir\g the Year 1867 1 
and received over 

FIVE MILLION DOLLARS INCOME. 

(Extract, from, the New York Independent.') 

“ Among the substantial and enterprising institutions of Hartford, Conn, 
the /Etna Life Insurance Company stands prominent.” 


{Extract from the Insurance Monitor.) 

“ No Life Insurance Company ever achieved so complete a success as this 
popular institution. Its prosperity is a together unprecedented in the annala 
of commercial enterprise in this country. 

The ./Etna is a Company that can be thoroughly trusted. It is sound, 
prompt, and progressive.” 


E. A. Bulkeley, Pres’t. Austin Dunham, Vice-Pres't. 

T. O. Enders, iSec’y. 



JNSURE yoURSELFy^GAINST 

ACCIDENTS OF TRAVEL. 


BY TICKETS ISSUED BY THE 


Railway Passengers’ Assurance Co. 

Of ffARTFORD, Connecticut. 

J. G. BATTERSON, Pres t. 7 H. T. SPERRY, Secretary 














CUaAe* 'He.wVaW Taint or. 


THE NORTHERN ROUTE. 


J^fS^G BOSTON 

'f 

TO THE 

White Mountains, 


LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG, 

GREEN MOUNTAINS, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 

MONTREAL 

AND 

OGDENSBURG. 


A GUIDE OF 

THE GREAT THROUGH ROUTE, VIA LOWELL, 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1669, by 
Taintor Brothers, 

U the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. 


taintor brothers, 

67S Broadway, New York. 



PAGE 

Orford.53 

Passumpsic.55 

Perry’s Mills.83 

Plymouth.30 

Pompanoosuc. 52 

Potsdam Junction... 87 

Potter Place.48 

Randolph.66 

Red Hill.29 

Reed’s Ferry.21 

Richmond.71 

Ridley’s Station.70 

Rouse’s Point.80 

Roxbury.67 

Royalton.66 

Rumney.32 

Ryegate. 54 

St. Alban’s.74 

St. Alexandre.77 

Sanbornton.26 

Sharon.65 

Sheldon.76 

South Barton.57 

South Danbury.48 

South Merrimack. ... 18 
South Newbury.53 


PAGE 

South Royalton.66 

Stage Route to White 
Mts. via Plymouth. 31 

Stan bridge.77 

Stanstead, Shefford 
and Chambly Junc¬ 
tion ., 77 

St. Armand.76 

St John’s.77 

St. Johnsbury.55 

St.Johnsbury Centre. 56 

St. Lambert.77 

Suncook.22 

Summit.84 

Swanton. 80 

Thetford.52 

Thornton’s Ferry.... 21 

Tyngsboro.16 

Union Bridge.26 

Vermont Central and 
Vermont and Cana¬ 
da Railways.63 

Warren . 33 

Waterbury.69 

Webster Place.45 


PAGE 

Weirs’.27 

Wells’ River.53 

Wentworth.32 

West Alburg..80 

West Andover.48 

West Burke.57 

West Canaan.49 

West Hartford.65 

West Lebanon.50 

West. Medford.13 

West Rumney.32 

White Mount’s, The. 39 
White Mts. Railway. 35 
White River Junction 50 
White River Village. 65 

Wilmington.14 

Williston.71 

Winchester.13 

Wilton .19 

Wilton Branch Rail¬ 
way .18 

Winooski.72 

Wood’s Falls.83 

Woodstock Station.. 65 
Woodsville.34 
































































ON TIIK 


American Plan. 

CORNER OF 

Beekman and Nassau Sts., 

(Near City Hall Park,) NEW YORK. 


GEORGE WIGHT, Proprietor. 


N. B.— Located in the very heart of the Wholesale Business, 
this is one of the most conveniently located Hotels for Mer¬ 
chants, Business Men and others, visiting this City. 



IVo. 13 Laifflit New "York. 

Opposite 305 Canal Street. 

Reopened, Renovated, Improved!! 

This Ofifhratfd Bath, so long and favorably known throughout the country 
after a thorough renovation and various improvements, is again open to the public. 

IF YOU WISH TO ENJOY A RARE LUXURY; 

If von wish to be cleaner than von ever was before; if you wish to have a healthy, 
active, beautiful skin ; if you wish to purify your blood ; it ? ol * ^. Vheahh if vau 
of Colds, Rheumatism. Neuralgia, etc.; if you wish to preserve jour health , n jou 

wish to gratify your curiosity ; 


try A TTJISI£I-SIT RATII! 


Yon will be sure to like it and to come again. 


Gentlemen 


BATHING n O U It S; 

6to 8 a. m„ 1 to 9 r. m. | Ladies. 

Scnoavs —Gents.6 to 12 a. m. 


Parties can bo accommodated with Good Hygienic Eoard and F.coms at the Turkish 
Bath Institute. Also with SLESTEIC BATES, SWEDISH HQVEHEHT CUBE. fce. 

















SEND FOR A PRICE LIST. 


LOOK AT THESE PRICES 

FOR 

GENUINE 

WALTHAM WATCHES. 


SILVER HUNTING WATCHES,. $18 

GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, 18 carat Cases, . . $80 
GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, Ladies’. Size, . . $70 

Every Watch Warranted by Special Certificate from 
The American Watch Company. 

We will send them by Express, with bill to collect on delivery, 
to all parts of the country, with privilege to the purchaser to ex- 
amine the Watch before paying ; and any Watch that does not per¬ 
form well can be exchanged, or the money will be cheerfully 
refunded. 

Every one is requested to send for our Descriptive Price List, 
which explains all the different kinds, gives weight and quality of 
the case, with prices of each. 

Our assortment also comprises every variety of FINE JEWELRY, 
STERLING SILVER WARE, SILVER-PLATED WARE, and RICH 
FANCY GOODS. 


Gorham Plated Ware. 

At the Manufacturers’ Prices. 


DIAMOND JEWELRY 

ON THE SMALL PROFIT PLAN. 

HOWARD & CO., 

anil 

No. (>19 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 


Every one visiting New York is invited to call at our establishment. 
















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9 



BOSTON, 


TO THE 


WHITE AND GREEN MOUNTAINS, LAKE 
MEMPHREMAGOG, MONTREAL, 

AND OGDENSBURG. 



NE of the most important principles in the manage- 


w ment of extensive railway systems is the establish¬ 
ment of sure connections on the great thoroughfares of 
travel and trade. This is often difficult, owing to the con¬ 
flicting interests of the various railways over which, in 
most cases, such through lines are obliged to pass ; but, 
once accomplished, both the public and the railways are 
sure to be benefited. The old and thoroughly established 
route between Boston and Montreal', by way of the Boston 
and Lowell Railway and its connections, presents especial 
attractions to the commercial and traveling public. The 
route includes the following named railways : Boston and 
Lowell, and Nashua and Loiuell Railway, Concord Rail¬ 
way, Northern (N. H.) Railway , Vermont Central, and 
Vermont and Canada Railways. 

At Rouse’s Point, on Lake Champlain, connections are 
made with the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Rail¬ 
way, thus accommodating the large and growing traffic 
between Boston and the West, by way of the Lakes 
and the upper St. Lawrence. Extensive wharves 
and the best machinery render the transfer of freight at 
Ogdensburg quick, easy, and cheap; and a large fleet of 


10 


steamers on the Lakes, with an unbroken railway connec¬ 
tion to Boston, offers inducements to shippers unequaled 
by any other line. 

The through line arrangements also include connections 
with the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railway 
at White River Junction , and with the Boston, Con¬ 
cord\ and Montreal Railway at Concord , N. H. Travelers 
to Montreal or Ogdensburg, or to the mountains of New 
Hampshire and Vermont, seeking the shortest distance, 
convenient hours, the quickest run, and the most complete 
accommodations, will do well to take the Lowell route. 
The morning express, leaving Boston at the pleasant hour 
of 8 a.m., passes entirely through the beautiful mountain 
scenery during daylight. Or, one- may take a sleeping- 
car on the 5 o’clock p.m. express, and rise to an early 
breakfast at St. Albans, 265 miles on the journey. 

This combination of railways offers great advantages to 
the business public and to the great army of tourists who 
annually seek the delightful and healthful mountain re¬ 
gions of Vermont and New Hampshire. Visitors to the 
White Mountains have the choice of two routes to Little - 
tori. These routes diverge at Co7icord, N. H., one follow¬ 
ing the Norther 71 N. H. and Co7inecticut and Passu 7 npsic 
Rivers Railway , to Wells' River , and the other the Bos¬ 
ton, Co7icord , arid Mo7itreal Railway to the same place. 
The time is the same by either route, and on both the 
scenery is of great variety and beauty. At Wells’ River 
the cars are switched on to the track of the White M 01171 - 
tains Railway , which takes them to Littleton. 

Persons desiring to visit Lake Me77iphre7nagog have 
the same choice of routes as far as Wells ’ River, whence 
the Connecticut a7idPassurnpsic Rivers Railway conveys 
them to their destination through the peculiar and charm¬ 
ing scenery of Northern Vermont. 


All these various connections are made without change 
of cars, it being only necessary for the traveler to seat 
himself in the proper car at starting. All necessary infor¬ 
mation can be obtained from employes of the railway 
when not furnished on the time-tables, which are posted in 
conspicuous places. 


12 


THE BOSTON, LOWELL, AND NASHUA 
RAILWAY. 

BOSTON, MASS., TO NASHUA, N. H., 40 MILES. 

It is now forty years since the plan for a railway between Bos¬ 
ton and Lowell was first suggested, and thirty-five years since the 
road was opened for travel and traffic to that point. Its records 
during this long period of public service are well worthy of the 
reputation it has secured for good business management, and for 
steady progress in everything which tends to make a railway what 
it should be. In 1830 , during which year the first definite meas¬ 
ures for building the road were adopted, Boston and Lowell had 
not more than a quarter of their present population, and less than a 
twentieth of their present wealth; but the wise foresight which still 
characterizes their business men led to the formation of a company 
and the obtaining of a charter. The Locks and Cana/s Company , 
owners of the Lowell Water Power, voted a bonus of $ 100 , 000 , to 
be payable to the Railway Company on completion of the road. 
In 1835 ^ was opened for business to Lowell, which was then the 
proposed terminus, and was the first railway in Massachusetts 
complete for its entire length. 

ROUTE, SCENERY, ETC. 

Nashua, New Hampshire, the terminus of the Boston , Low¬ 
ell, and Nashua Railway , is a busy little manufacturing city of 
about 12,000 inhabitants, situated at the confluence of the Nashua 
and Merrimack Rivers, forty miles northwesterly from Boston. 

For the first ten miles the road passes through and among a 
beautiful succession of rounded hills, dotted with the tasteful vil¬ 
lages and private residences and grounds that characterize the en 
virons of Boston. From thence to the vicinity of Lowell it is 
unattractive. The low hills are mainly covered with a growth of 
pine and oak, and there are but few rural improvements. 

At Lowell the road enters upon the beautiful valley of the Mer¬ 
rimack and follows its right bank to Nashua, affording alternate 
views of the broad and placid river, and its boundary of verdant 
meadows and hills. 


13 

The Boston, Lowell, and Nashua Railway presents a 
marked contrast to many of our roads, which are managed solely 
for the sake of making money, without regard to the comfort or 
safety of passengers. The track is notably smooth and well laid, 
and the rolling-stock is constructed in the best and most durable 
manner. For many miles from Boston the track passes either 
under or over all the wagon-roads which it crosses, thus prevent¬ 
ing the danger of accidents caused by careless drivers of vehicles. 
The earth-cuttings are covered with grass, and are in some cases 
graded and turfed, so that the nuisance of dust is in a great meas¬ 
ure abated. In short, the journey over this road is made with 
more comfort and less fatigue than is usually experienced in simi¬ 
lar journeys. 

CONNECTIONS. 

At Boston, passengers can easily reach the Boston and Albany 
Railway , and the Old Colony and Fall River Line , as well as 
the other railways for New York or the West, while the trains 
to Portland are only a few steps distant. 

From Winchester , a branch diverges to Woburn, and another 
from East Woburn to Stoneham. 

At Lowell, connections are made with the Stony Brook 
Branch, the Lcnvell and Lawrence Railway, and the Salem and 
Lowell Railway. 

At Nashua, it connects with the Concord Railway, and with the 
Worcester and Nashua Railway, and with the Wilton Branch. 


WEST MEDFORD. 

Medford, Middlesex Co., Mass. 

5 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montreal 323 . 

Crossing the long bridges and 
trestle-works just out of Boston, we 
soon reach this suburb. It is a small 
village, and express trains do not 
stop at the station. The town of 
Medford and the village of the same 
name have long been extensively en¬ 
gaged in ship-building. At the village 
of Medford, i mile east of the station, 
is Tuft's College , incorporated in 
1852, and well known as the School 
of Universalism. The College is pleas¬ 
antly situated on Walnut Hill, and is 
surrounded by ornamental grounds. 
West Medford is the site of Brook 
Farm, where, some years ago, Haw¬ 


thorne and other congenial spirits 
formed a “community” and lived for 
several years as a family, having all 
things in common. 

WINCHESTER. 

Winchester, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
8 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montdl 320 . 

The Woburn Branch diverges at 
this station. Fare from Boston to 
Woburn Centre, 25 cts. Distance 
10 miles. About a dozen trains run 
daily each way. The town contains 
manufactories of chemicals and piano¬ 
fortes ; machine shops and tanning 
establishments. A large quantity of 
apples are raised here; also garden 
vegetables. 



14 


EAST WOBURN. 

Woburn, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
\Qm.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont PI, 318 . 

At this station is the junction with 
Stoneham Branch Railway to Stone- 
ham 2 miles, at which town are ex¬ 
tensive shoe manufactories and tan¬ 
neries. There are 6 or 7 trains daily 
each way between Boston and Stone- 
ham. Fare, 25 cents. 

WILMINGTON. 

Wilmington, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
15 m.fr. Boston. Fr. MontFl 313 . 

The country is not very thickly 
settled in the vicinity of the station. 
Most of the inhabitants are engaged 
in agricultural pursuits. 

BILLERICA. 

Billerica, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
19 . m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montd1 309 . 

This station is established for the 
accommodation of the two villages of 
Billerica and Tewksbury, between 
which it is situated. Billerica is 
pleasantly situated about miles west 
of the railway station. It contains 
about 2,000 inhabitants, who are most¬ 
ly engaged in farming. The chief 
manufactories are woolen and cotton 
mills, and an establishment for the 
preparation of drugs and chemicals. 
The Howe School, a well-known edu¬ 
cational institution, is situated at this 
place. 

Tewksbury lies 2 miles eastward of 
the railway station. It is the site of 
the State Pauper Institution, found¬ 
ed for the benefit of such paupers as 
properly come under the care of the 
Commonwealth, rather than under 
that of individual towns. It has cost 
the State, thus far, about f 100,000. 


NORTH BILLERICA. 

Billerica, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
22 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Mo>itP1 306 . 

This is a thriving little manufactur¬ 
ing village, deriving its water-power 
from the Concord River. Woolen 
goods, and drugs and chemicals are 
the principal productions. 

LOWELL. 

Lowell, Middlesex Co., Mass. 

26 7n.fr. Bosto7i. Fr. MontPl 302 . 
Hotels — Washuigton, Merrimack, 
A 7>ierica7i. 

Among the large manufacturing 
towns of America, Lowell has hardly 
a rival in the extent of her works, the 
number of hands employed, and the 
amount of capital invested. The city, 
numbering according to the latest re¬ 
turns nearly 40,000 souls, is built 
chiefly on the right bank of the Mer- 
riifiack, near its junction with the 
Co7icord River. The manufacturing 
interest is, of course, the controlling 
power in the place, and the result is 
that Lowell is a model worthy of imi¬ 
tation in many-of our larger cities. 

In 1821, there were 12 houses on 
the land now occupied by this busy 
population. A few years previous to 
that date, a canal known as the Paw¬ 
tucket Catial had been dug around 
the falls of the same name, for pur¬ 
poses of navigation. This canal did not 
prove to be a financial success, and 
was secretly purchased by Boston 
capitalists in 1831, with the intention 
of establishing works for printing cali¬ 
coes. Messrs. Willia7n Appleton 
and Patrick T. Jackson are the gen¬ 
tlemen to whom belongs the credit of 
inaugurating this enterprise. The 
company was incorporated in 1822, 


% 






under the title of The Locks and 
Canals Co., and work was at once 
begun to prepare the ground for build¬ 
ing and the water-powe^r for use. With 
characteristic forethought it was de¬ 
cided that an appropriation should be 
made for a church, which was done, 
and St. Ann's Church still stands to 
commemorate the wisdom of its 
founders. Soon afterward an ap¬ 
propriation for a public library was 
made, and a library established, which 
has since grown to large dimensions. 

The first wheel of the Merrimack 
Co. was set in motion on Sept, ist, 
1823. Two years after, the first divi¬ 
dend of $100 per share was made, 
and from that day to this, dividends 
have been annually made (with one 
exception in 1829), averaging 12 per 
cent., and in some years reaching as 
high as 20 per cent. 

In 1846 the present grand canal was 
decided upon, and Mr. J. B. Francis 
appointed to superintend its construc¬ 
tion. The outlet of Lake Winnipi- 
seogee was purchased with water 
rights, and every improvement in ma¬ 
chinery has been introduced as rapid¬ 
ly as its advantages were recognized. 
The wheels in use at present are that 
pattern of turbines known as Boy den's 
Improvement. 

The visitor should not fail to see the 
huge mills of the Merrimack Manuf. 
Co. , as their processes of printing are 
very interesting and beautiful. The fa¬ 
brics may be seen in all stages of man¬ 
ufacture,—from the weaving-rooms, 
where the crash of looms is absolutely 
deafening, to the drying-room, where 
the freshly printed calico is passed 
through a temperature of 230° Fahr. 
If the visitor wishes to do so, he may 
test his powers of endurance by step- | 


5 

ping into this huge oven, but it is only 
those who are used to it who can with 
impunity remain more than a few sec¬ 
onds. Some idea of the extent of 
these mills may be gained from the 
fact that nearly 12,000 miles of cotton 
fabrics are made in a year. 

Another establishment possessing 
peculiar interest is the Lowell Manuf. 
Co., where 35,000 yards of carpet are 
made per week. The looms on which 
these carpets are woven are marvels 
of mechanical ingenuity, and seem al¬ 
most possessed of intelligence as they 
turn off yard after yard of the most 
complex and variegated patterns. 

The Lowell Bleachery, as its name 
implies, is devoted to bleaching goods 
consigned for that purpose, and 15,- 
000,000 yards of cotton goods, of all 
qualities, are annually bleached with¬ 
in its walls. The establishment has 
some interesting chemical works, for 
they make their own “ drugs.” Among 
these is the only vitriol furnace in the 
country. An interesting fact was told 
the writer by Mr. F. P. Appleton, 
agent of the Bleachery, while inspect¬ 
ing the steam-engine which drives the 
machinery. This anecdote, which has 
never before been published, shows 
that the arrival of the Monitor in 
Hampton Roads, on March 9, 1862, 
was Providential in more than one 
particular. While this engine was 
being built, in 1861, by the Corlis 
Steam-Engine Co. of Providence, 
R. /., the New York contractors for 
the building of the original Monitor 
found that there was no lathe in the 
country, excepting that of the Corlis 
Company, large enough to turn the 
“ turret ring” upon. They accordingly 
shipped the ring to Providence. It 
reached 'its destination on November 



i6 


18, i86x. Two days after, it was 
bolted to the great fly-wheel of the 
Bleachery engine, then in the works, 
and on the 3d day of December fol¬ 
lowing, it was returned to New York 
completed. Thus we find another 
link in the chain of events which sav¬ 
ed our fleet on that memorable day in 
Hampton Roads. 

STATISTICS OF LOWELL MANUFAC¬ 
TURES, JANUARY, 1869. 

SUMMARY. 

Capital Stock, $13,650,000. 

Number of Mills, 50, and other build¬ 
ings. 

Spindles, 457,512. 

Looms, 12,188. 

Females employed, 8,980. 

Males employed, 4,737. 

Yards made per week, 2,328,000 cot¬ 
ton ; 19,500 woolen; 35,000 car¬ 
pets ; 2,500 shawls; 6,000 doz. ho¬ 
siery. 

Pounds Cotton consumed per week, 
677,000. 

Pounds clean Wool consumed per 
week, 99,000. 

Yards dyed and printed per annum, 
49,112,000. 

Tons Anthracite Coal per annum, 
38,700. 

Bushels Charcoal per annum, 18,800. 
Cords Wood per annum, 1,775. 
Gallons Oil per annum, 101,376. 
Pounds Starch per annum, 2,070,000. 
Barrels Flour per annum, 1,415. 

Steam power, 32 engines—4,425 horse 
power. 

GENERAL STATISTICS. 

Wages of females, clear of board, per 
week, $3.60 to $3.75. 

Wages of males, clear of board, per 
day, $1.20 to $2.00. 


Medium produce of a loom. No. 14 
yarn, yards per day, 45. 

Medium produce of a loom. No. 30 
yarn, yards per day, 30. 

Average per spindle, yards per day, 

1*. 

MIDDLESEX. 

Chelmsford, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
27 m.fr. Boston. Fr. MontVl Z 01 . 

This station is hardly outside of 
Lowell. It is surrounded by a farm¬ 
ing region lying along the river, and on 
the adjacent hills. 

NORTH CHELMSFORD. 

Chelmsford, Middlesex Co., Mass. 
29 ni. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l 299 . 

The station is at the mouth of the 
Stony Brook, a small stream afford¬ 
ing water-power to a great number of 
manufacturing establishments in this 
and the adjacent towns. The village 
contains founderies, machine-shops, 
hosiery-mills, and two churches. The 
Stony Brook Branch Railway di¬ 
verges at this station, extending to 
Groton Jwiction , 17 miles distant, 
there connecting with the Cheshire 
Railway, Vermont and Massachu- 
setts Railway, Fitchburg Railway, 
and Worcester a?id Nashua Rail- 
way. There are three trains daily 
between Lowell and Groton Junction. 

TYNGSBORO’ AND DUNSTA¬ 
BLE. 

Tyngsbord and Dunstable, Merri¬ 
mack Co., Mass. 

32 ri. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr. 296 . 

Tyngsboro’ is on the right bank of 
the Merrimack. The village is near 
the station. A large quantity of 




excellent hay is cut and cured on the 
broad meadows bordering the river. 
A relic of the good old colony times 
exists here, to wit, a large entailed 
estate, including a considerable por¬ 
tion of the town. It has been the 
cause of numerous lawsuits, and has 
probably greatly hindered the pros¬ 
perity of the place. At Tyngsboro’, 
in the olden time, lived one Crom¬ 
well, who invented the righteous prac¬ 
tice of using his foot as a measure of 
weight in purchasing furs from the 
Indians, for which the unreasoning 
savages saw fit to assassinate him. 

DUNSTABLE 

Is 6 miles west of the station, with 
which it is connected by lines of stages 
running so as to meet express and ac¬ 
commodation trains. It is in a farm¬ 
ing district. 

LITTLE’S. 

Nashua, Hillsborough Co., N. H. 
35 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr‘ 1 , 293 
A small farming village on the west 
bank of the Merrimack. 

NASHUA. 

Nashua, Hillsborough Co., N. H. 
40 m. Jr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 288 
A manufacturing city of about 12,000 


17 

inhabitants, deriving its water-power 
mainly from the Nashua River, which 
has a fall here of between 50 and 60 
feet. The Nashua Manufacturing 
Company, the Jackson Company, and 
other cotton-mills, employ about 2,000 
operatives. There are also extensive 
iron-mills, founderies, machine-shops, 
and a great variety of mechanical es¬ 
tablishments, giving full employment 
to the busy population. 

The through line depot is on the 
easterly extremity of the town, and 
very little of the place can be seen 
from it. The principal, or Boston de¬ 
pot is nearly a mile west of this, upon 
the main street, on the north side of 
the Nashua River, and at the junc¬ 
tion with the Wilton branch. The 
depot of the Worcester and Nashua 
road is half a mile south of the Bos¬ 
ton depot, on the main street. 

The city is pleasantly located on 
both sides of the Nashua River, and 
upon a diversified surface, rising in 
some places 100 feet or more above 
the water. It is well ornamented 
with shade trees, is supplied with 
aqueduct water and gas, and con¬ 
tains numerous first-class residences. 

The principal hotels are the Indian 
Head, Tremont, and Central Houses. 


Route to White Mountains, Montreal, etc., continued on page 20. 


2 




i8 


The Wilton Branch Railway. 

Nashua to Wilton ,, 16 Miles. 

This road diverges from the through line at Nashua, and ex¬ 
tends in a northwesterly direction to Wilton, into the hilly and 
pleasingly diversified country characteristic of the southwestern 
part of New Hampshire. Among and upon these hills, and 
in the immediate vicinity of the railway, are many large and 
commodious public-houses, that are well filled in summer by visi- 
tois and families from Boston and elsewhere. Being but two 
hours Lde from the city, and accessible by numerous .and conve¬ 
nient trains, they afford very desirable retreats from the discom¬ 
forts of summer in town, and are liberally patronized. The 
Whiting House, the Mount Vernon House, the Milford Springs 
Hotel, and the Amherst Hotel are among the best, accommo¬ 
dating from ioo to 300 guests each. A large number of visitors 
and boarders are also cared for in private houses. 

Lines of stages connect Wilton with Peterborough, New Ips¬ 
wich, hrancestown, and various points of interest in the south¬ 
western counties of the State. 


SOUTH MERRIMACK. 

Merrimack, Hillsborough Co., N.H. 
45 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Wilton, 10 . 

A small village. The surrounding 
country is mostly hilly; but fertile 
meadows are found along the stream. 
The Souhegan River furnishes good 
water-power, which is used to some 
extent by mills and small factories. 

AMHERST. 

Amherst, Hillsborough Co., N. H. 
48 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Wilton, 7 . 

The town has about 2,000 inhab¬ 
itants. It was originally given in 


“grants” to soldiers of King Philip’s 
War, in 1733. Horace Greeley was 
born here, in a small and plain house 
which is still standing. The Souhe¬ 
gan River furnishes good sites for 
water-power. Iron ore is found in the 
hills bordering the stream. Mineral 
springs abound in the vicinity, one of 
which is acquiring some popularity 
from its medicinal properties. It is 
known as A mherst Spring. A new 
hotel has lately been erected near the 
springs, and stages run regularly to it 
during the summer months. Dis¬ 
tance, 3 miles. 




MILFORD. 

Milford, Hillsborough Co., N. H. 
51 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Wilton, 4 . 
Stages daily to Mount Vernon ; tri¬ 
weekly to Francestown. 

Broad and level meadows surround 
this station, on which is the pleasant 
village of Milford. The town con¬ 
tains about 2,500 inhabitants, many 
of whom are engaged in the extensive 
tanneries and cotton-mills of the vicin¬ 
ity. 

This town is the birthplace of the 
famous Hutchinson family, whose 
homestead was long an object of in¬ 
terest to visitors, but has now passed 
into other hands. 

WILTON. 

Wilton, Hillsborough Co., N. H. 

55 m. fr. Boston. 

Hotel — Whiting House. 
Stages daily to Peter borough ; tri¬ 
weekly to Greenfield, Hancock, 
Stoddard, Marlow, Bennington, 
Antrim, etc. 

Wilton is delightfully situated in the 
Souhegan valley, which is here nar- 


19 

row and bounded by hills. The riv¬ 
er furnishes excellent water-power. 
There are four woolen-mills in the 
vicinity; also tanneries, starch facto¬ 
ries, glass-works, furniture factories, 
and saw-mills. The American Silex 
Company—a well-known firm—is in 
this town. A most productive dairy 
region surrounds Wilton. The morn¬ 
ing train to Boston always includes a 
milk-car, in which 2,000 gallons are 
daily taken to the city. Cheese is also 
made in large quantities. Granite is 
quarried for building purposes not far 
from the village. Wilton is a popular 
resort for summer visitors, its near¬ 
ness to Boston rendering it easy of 
access for business men, who can be 
with their families at night, and in 
their city offices during business hours. 

The Whiting House is near the 
railway station, and will be found a 
most agreeable place of resort. It has 
been newly furnished, and is in every 
respect a well-kept establishment. 
Pleasant rides and walks abound in 
the vicinity. Barnes? Falls is 2 miles 
distant, and Mount Monadnock is 25 
miles west, besides which are many 
other resorts within easy driving dis¬ 
tances. 


GREAT EMPORIUM 

yon 

STEREOSCOPES AND VIEWS 

OF ALL FA UTS OF THE WOULD, 

Photographic Albums, and Photographic Materia.s. 

E. Sc H. T. ANTHONY Sc CO., 

591 Broadway, Neiv York, opposite Metropolitan Hotel, 

CHROMOS. 

These beautiful pictures, lhat cannot be distinguished from the finest Oil Paintings, 
at one-tenth their cost, we import largely from Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna, and 
Rome, and suDplv the trade at the lowest rate*. 





20 


Concord Railroad. 

Nashua to Concord , 35 miles. 

The route by this road follows the valley of the Merrimack 
River a distance of 35 miles, from Nashua to Concord, pursu¬ 
ing its right bank as far as Goff’s Falls, where it crosses to the 
east side, thence to Hookset, where it recrosses to the right bank, 
and thence to Concord. A branch leaving the main line at 
Hookset passes up the east side of the river through Pembroke, 
joining the line again a short distance before it reaches Concord. 
Although its length is not great as compared with many other 
roads, still it is one of the most important railways of New 
Hampshire. It forms a part of the great Trunk line between 
Boston and Northern New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as 
Canada and the West by way of the Lakes. 

The city of Manchester is the principal station between its ter¬ 
mini, which as a manufacturing city is surpassed in importance 
by few of its size. The remaining intermediate stations are only 
seven in number, at several of which are extensive manufactories 
of cotton and woolen goods. 

Connections. —At Manchester with the Manchester and Law¬ 
rence , the Concord and Portsmouth , and the Manchester and 
North Weare Railroads. 

Concord is the point of divergence of the Boston , Concord , 
and Montreal , the Concord and Claremont Railroads, and the 
Northern Railroad to White River Junction and thence to Mon¬ 
treal. 

Stages leave Concord daily for Pittsfield and Hopkinton . 


21 


THORNTON’S FERRY. 

Merrimack,Hillsborough Co., A r .H. 
45 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 283 
The towq of Merrimack is chiefly 
agricultural. The village, though 
small, is pleasant, and is surrounded 
by some fine farms. 

MERRIMACK. 

47 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 281 
This is also in the town of Merri¬ 
mack. On the Souhegan River, 
which here joins the Merrimack at a 
short distance from the station, are a 
carpet factory and a manufactory of 
furniture. 

REED’S FERRY. 

Merrimack, Hillsborough Co., N.H. 
QHni.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 280 
Here is located the “ Granite State 
Military Institute," a school for 
boys. 

On the opposite side of the river is 
the town of Litchfield, long and nar¬ 
row in shape, which is said to possess 
neither a lawyer, a doctor, nor a 
minister, and yet is one of the wealth¬ 
iest in proportion to its size in the 
State. This singular circumstance is 
accounted for by the fact that there 
are villages just beyond the northern 
and southern limits of the town, which 
meet its wants in those respects. 

GOFF’S FALLS. 

Manchester, Hillsborough Co., 
N. H. 

63 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 275 
So called from a former resident in 
the vicinity. The station was former¬ 
ly in the town of Bedford, on the west 


side of the river, but is now in Man¬ 
chester, on the east side. 

There is a small village about half a 
mile south of the station, in which is a 
manufactory of woolen yarn, situate 
on the outlet of Wassabesic Pond. 

The railroad here crosses the Mer¬ 
rimack River on a new and excellent 
double-track bridge of about 700 fee* 
in length. 

MANCHESTER. 

Manchester,Hillsborough Co., N.H. 
55 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 273 

The city of Manchester, incorpo¬ 
rated in 1846, and now containing a 
population of 30,000, is one of the 
most important manufacturing cities 
of New England. Its situation is on 
the east side of the Merrimack River, 
and it has grown rapidly within the 
last few years from an inconsiderable 
village to its present size. It includes 
within its limits the villages of Pisca- 
taquog and A moskeag. It is regu¬ 
larly and handsomely laid out, with 
neat and shaded streets, and presents 
an air of thrift and prosperity. The 
manufacturing companies have erect¬ 
ed commodious and substantial brick 
blocks of tenement houses, for the ac¬ 
commodation of those in their employ, 
which we have seldom seen surpassed 
for comfort. The Merrimack River 
here makes quite a rapid descent over 
a rocky bottom, affording a water¬ 
power of great volume, and easily 
turned to advantage. Here are lo¬ 
cated the mills of several well-known 
manufacturing companies. Among 
them are the “ Amoskeag,” “ Man¬ 
chester Print Works,” “Langdon 
Mills,” and “Stark Mills.” There 
are also extensive works for the man¬ 
ufacture of locomotives, steam fire- 



22 


engines, power-looms, and a great va¬ 
riety of other mechanical industries. 
Like the other New England cities, it 
contains a number of churches, news¬ 
paper offices, banks, fine stores and 
residences, and, as a matter of course, 
good schools. The Manchester 
House, Wm. Shepherd, proprietor, 
stands on Elm Street, the principal 
street of the city, and is a neat and 
well-conducted resting-place for trav¬ 
elers. 

At Manchester, railway connection 
is made with the Manchester and 
Lawrence, the Concord and Ports¬ 
mouth, and the Manchester and 
North Weare Railroads. 

MARTIN’S FERRY. 

Hookset, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
60 m.fr. Boston. Fr. MontPl, 268 

An unimportant station in a hilly re¬ 
gion. In the vicinity there are only 
five or six dwellings. 

HOOKSET. 

Hookset, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
64 m. fr. Boston. Fr. MontPl, 264 

The railroad here recrosses the riv¬ 
er, on a double-track bridge of about 
550 feet in length. On the opposite 
side of the river from the station are 
the mills of the “ Hookset Manufac¬ 
turing Company,” for cotton goods, 
and near by are several extensive 
yards for the manufacture of brick. 

“Pinnacle Mountain,” a rocky 
peak, rises on the west and left of the 
railroad, to the height of several hun¬ 
dred feet, commanding an extended 
view of the surrounding country. 

A branch from the main line at this 
place crosses the river at the falls. 


and, passing through Sur.cook village 
on the east side of the river, joins the 
main line again about one mile below 
Concord. 

SUNCOOK. 

Pembroke, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
66 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont PI, 262 
Hotel —Suncook House. 

This station is on the branch in¬ 
tended principally for its accommoda¬ 
tion, and a portion of the through 
trains on the main line are run this 
way. 

The falls of the Suncook River, 
which here joins the Merrimack, af¬ 
ford excellent water-power for manu¬ 
factories and mills. The large mills 
of the “Pembroke” and “Webster” 
companies, for the manufacture of 
cotton goods, are fine structures of 
brick ; and the new mill, now nearly 
completed, situate between the rail¬ 
road and the Merrimack River, will 
be one of the largest and best build¬ 
ings in the State. The situation of 
the village, in a narrow valley on the 
sides of the Suncook River, is not 
favorable for a beautiful appearance ; 
but the extensive works of the manu¬ 
facturing companies, with the general 
enterprise of the place, make it one of 
rapidly increasing importance. 

CONCORD. 

Merrimack Co., N. H. 

73 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 255 
Hotels —Eagle and Phenix. 

This is the capital of the State of 
New Hampshire. It was originally 
known by the name of “ Pemacockf 
from that of a tribe of Indians, whose 
favorite grounds were in this place. Its 



23 


9urfaoe is uneven, but it does not pre¬ 
sent the steep acclivities and deep 
valleys of some of the neighboring 
towns. Present population, nearly 
14,000. 

Concord was incorporated as a city 
in 1853, and includes within its limits 
also the villages of East Concord, 
West Concord, and a large part of 
Fisherville, situate partly in Con¬ 
cord and partly in Boscawen. The 
city proper is very pleasantly located 
on the level and gradually rising land 
on the west side of Merrimack River, 
overlooking its extensive intervales. 
Two streets. Main and State, par¬ 
allel with the general course of the 
river, extend the entire length of the 
city, nearly two miles ; which, with 
others in the same direction, are in¬ 
tersected by streets crossing at nearly 
right angles with considerable uni¬ 
formity. Most of the streets are bor¬ 
dered with overshading trees, which 
constitute a great and very attractive 
beauty of the place. 

BUSINESS. 

Its central position, with its railroad 
communications with the different 
sections of the State, make Concord 
the place of an extensive and impor¬ 
tant trade. Its most important manu¬ 
factures are carriages. The estab¬ 
lishment of Abbot, Downing & Co. 
has long been well known through¬ 
out the country. The quarrying 
and cutting of the excellent “Con¬ 
cord granite” is extensively carried 
on. There are also extensive estab¬ 
lishments for various other manufac¬ 
tures. 


larged and much improved in 1867, 
is situated near the centre of the city, 
occupying with its grounds an entire 
square between Main, State, Park, 
and Capitol Streets. The structure is 
of Concord granite, and presents a 
beautiful appearance, as well as being 
a very commodious building for the 
purposes intended. 

The City Hall and Court House, on 
Main Street, a quarter of a mile north 
of the Capitol, is a two-story building 
of brick, and contains the city and 
county offices. 

The State Prison , a short distance 
further north, on State Street, is of 
granite, and though a comparatively 
old structure, yet is well arranged and 
designed for the health, as well as 
safe-keeping, of its inmates. It is the 
only prison in the State. 

The Asylum for the Insane is on 
the westerly side of the city, and, with 
its extensive buildings and surround- 
ing grounds and large farm of 125 
acres, is an attractive as well as a very 
useful and successful institution. 

RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS. 

Concord has railway connections 
by the Concord Road with the di¬ 
verging roads at Manchester, with 
Boston, and also the southern and. 
eastern parts of New Hampshire; by 
the Northern Road with the western 
part of the State and Vermont and 
Canada; by the Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal Road with the north¬ 
ern parts and the White Moun¬ 
tains ; and by the Concord and 
Clareinont Road, with the Contoo- 
cook Road diverging from it, with 
the southwestern parts. It has also 
daily stage connections with Pittsfield 
and Hopkinton. 


PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

The Capitol, built in 1819, but en- 

Route to Montreal continued on page 44. 




24 


Concord and Claremont, and 
Contoocook Railways. 

These branches of the Northern Railway extend from Concord 
to Bradford, N. H., 27 miles, and from Contoocook to Hillsbo¬ 
rough, 15 miles—the former extending through the thriving 
towns of Hopkinton and Warner to Bradford, and the latter 
through a portion of Hopkinton and Henniker to Hillsborough 
Bridge. All these are fine farming towns, possessing unusual 
attractions for pleasure tourists, and, particularly at Hillsbo¬ 
rough and Bradford, affording excellent hotel accommodations. 
Bradford Springs may be reached by stage from the towns last 
named, being only a few miles distant from either. These 
Springs are largely resorted to in summer, both on account of 
their medicinal properties and the beauty of their surroundings. 
Sunnapee Lake, which affords fine boating and fishing, is about 
6 miles distant from Bradford. 


25 


Boston, Concord and Montreal 
Railway. 

Concord to Wells' River , 93 jniles. 

This road passes through some of the most romantic portions 
of New England, for a time along the shores of Lake Winnipi- 
seogee, and then on beneath the shadows of towering mountains 
and across wild murmuring streams, till you are landed at the 
very threshold of the White Mountains themselves. 

The subject of the extension of the railroad from Littleton to 
Whitefield and Lancaster has been more or less agitated for the 
last five years by this company, and they are now constructing 6 
miles of road beyond Littleton, to be opened in 1869. Doubt¬ 
less not many years will elapse ere Lancaster will be reached. 


EAST CONCORD. 

Concord, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
75 m. fr .Boston . Fr. Littleton 111 
East Concord, in the valley of the 
Merrimack, is a small village, con¬ 
taining a church, two stores, and is on 
the west of the railway. SeivalLs 
Falls, a short distance beyond, is 
simply a flag-station for the accommo¬ 
dation of those living in its vicinity. 

NORTH CONCORD. 

Concord , Merrimac Co., N. H. 
78 rn.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 108 
A short distance from Fisherville 
on the east, where are several cotton 
factories, four churches, and a number 
of stores. Here are some exceedingly 


rich and fertile meadows, although, 
as we pass north towards Canterbury, 
the soil becomes light and sandy, and 
considerably wooded. 

CANTERBURY. 

Canterbury, Merrimac Co., N. H. 
83 ni.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 103 
An unimportant station. In this 
town, some four miles distant, there is 
a Shaker village, which exhibits the 
thrift and neatness that everywhere 
characterize this sect. They have 
constructed an artificial pond, thus 
creating sufficient water-power for a 
saw and grist mill. Catiterbury 
Centre is only two miles from the 
station, in a rural and agricultural lo¬ 
cality. 



NORTHFIELD. 

Northfield, Merrimac Co., N. H. 
86 m. fr.Boston. Fr. Littleton 100 

A farming town, bounded on the 
west by the Merrimac River, and on 
the north by the Winnipiseogee River. 
There are only four or five houses 
within sight of the depot. All trains 
stop here a few minutes for wood and 
water. 

SANBORNTON. 

Sanbornton , Belknap Co., N. H. 
91 in. fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 95 . 

Hotel — Barnes' Hotel. 

The Winnipiseogee River, the out¬ 
let of the lake of the same name into 
the Merrimack, is crossed just before 
reaching this station, which was for¬ 
merly called Sanbornton Bridge. The 
town is a delightful, rural one, with a 
varied surface and scenery, bordering 
on the east, upon the shore of Great 
Bay. Here are two woolen mills, 
three churches, and a number of hand¬ 
some residences. 

The “ New Hampshire Confer¬ 
ence Seminary and Female Col¬ 
lege" stands upon the rising ground 
west of the railroad. Its buildings 
are three in number, built of brick, 
and are surrounded by grounds taste¬ 
fully arranged and adorned with 
shrubbery. 

A stage leaves Sanbornton daily for 
New Hampton, Gilmanton, and 
Franklin. A carriage is also in wait¬ 
ing at the station, to carry passengers 
to the hotel, a half-mile distant. 

UNION BRIDGE. 

Sanbornton, Belknap Co., N. H. 

95 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 91 . 

A small village upon the lower arm | 


26 

of Great Bay, which we here cross to 
the east side. It has small saw-mills, 
a church and store, and some lumber 
business. 

LACONIA. 

Laconia, Belknap Co., N. H. 
100 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 86 
Hotel — Willard's Hotel. 

In a picturesque region on Great 
Bay. We would advise the tourist, 
before reaching this village, if possi¬ 
ble, to seat himself upon the left side 
of the car, that he may not lose the 
charming view across this lake. The 
verdure-clad mountains in the dis¬ 
tance, and the varied landscape mir¬ 
rored in the clear waters, is one of 
rare beauty. Laconia is a flourishing 
village, containing several churches, 
stores, and manufactories. Here are 
the “Belknap” mills, for the manu¬ 
facture of flannels, and “ Thomas & 
Sands’” hosiery establishment. Wil¬ 
lard’s Hotel has been recently erected 
near the railroad station. 

LAKE VILLAGE. 

Gilford, Belknap Co., N. H. 

102 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 84 
Hotel —Lake House. 

On the southern shore of a small 
arm of Lake Winnipiseogee is a thriv¬ 
ing village, within easy access of the 
wondrous beauty that invests this lake 
region. It contains a manufactory of 
hosiery, large machine shops and re¬ 
pair-shops, three churches, a national 
bank and savings bank. It has also 
extensive lumber-yards and trade in 
lumber. 

The little steamer fames Bell runs 





daily from Lake Village to Alton 
Bay , carrying passengers. 

The Lake House is a new hotel, of 
brick, near the station. It was opened 
in 1868. 

WIERS. 

Laconia , Belknap Co.., N. H. 
106 *«. fr. Boston. Fr.Littleton 80 
At Wiers, the traveler is left to 
choose between leaving the cars and 
embarking here upon the steamboat 
“ Lady of the Lakef Captain Win- 
born A. Sanborn, for Centre Harbor 
and the delightful scenery adjacent to 
Lake Winnipiseogee, or proceeding 
by rail and stage to the mountains, via 
Plymouth or Littleton. We would 
advise to the former course. 


Wiers Station itself is an unimpor¬ 
tant one, save as it is the point of de¬ 
parture of this charming little steamer, 
which has recently been rebuilt and 
refitted in the best style, and which 
connects with trains running north 
and south. Captain Sanborn has a 
fine residence here, upon the hill, to 
the right and south of the landing, and 
which overlooks the crystal sheet of 
water, which for nineteen years has 
been, in fact, his home. 

Near Wiers is the old “ Endicott 
Rock," which was discovered but a 
few years since, and is supposed to be 
a monument or boundary made by 
two surveyors sent out by Gov. En¬ 
dicott, of Massachusetts, in early colo¬ 
nial times. “ Its quaint and curious 
carving” will attract attention. 


Route to White Mountains continued on page 30. 



28 


Lake Winnipiseogee. 


This enchanting mountain lake is 
perhaps the most pleasing scene in all 
our journey to the White Mountains. 
The stern grandeur and magnificence 
of the mountains themselves, with the 
extended prospect which they afford, 
-may inspire awe and wonder ; but no 
sight in all our travels awakens such 
rapturous delight as the translucent 
waters, exquisite islands, and beautiful 
environs of Lake Winnipiseogee. Its 
situation is in the counties of Carroll 
and Belknap, between which it forms 
the boundary. It is very irregular in 
form, extending in a north-west and 
south-east direction a distance of about 
twenty-five miles, and in width from 
one to seven miles. Its shores are in¬ 
dented in every direction by charming 
bays, and its islands are said to equal in 
number the days of the year. Two 
hundred and seventy-six of them have 
been surveyed. Its waters are remark¬ 
ably clear, disclosing its finny inhabi¬ 
tants to a great depth. They abound 
with the finest fish. On all sides moun- 
tians rise, yet not abruptly , from the 
shore, which, as seen at a distance, ap¬ 
pears smooth and level. In its neigh¬ 
borhood are the towns of Moulton- 
borough, IVolfborough, Tuftonbor- 
ough, Centre Harbor, Meredith, Gil¬ 
ford, and Alton. The sail from Wiers 
to Centre Harbor is thus commented 
upon by Edward Everett: “ I have 
been something of a traveller in our 
own country—though far less than I 
could wish—and in Europe have seen 
all that is most attractive, from the 
Highlands of Scotland to the Golden 


Horn of Constantinople, from the sum¬ 
mit of the Hartz Mountains to the 
Fountain of Vaucluse ; but my eye has 
yet to rest on a lovelier scene than 
that which smiles around you as you 
sail from Wiers’ landing to Centre 
Harbor.” 

If the traveller takes the afternoon 
train from Concord he reaches Wiers 
at five p. m., when he at once enters 
the steamer, and is in the care of Capt. 
Sanborn. As you move out into the 
lake, the Belknap mountain rises on 
the right, with its two regular peaks 
2,500 feet high. Opposite it to the 
north “ Ossipee rears its bare head.” 
Further on, as we turn northward. 
Red Hill appears in sight, and direCtly 
in front. On approaching Centre Har¬ 
bor, on the right the pointed peak Mt. 
CJiicorua. 3,600 feet high, is seen far 
distant, and even the snowy front of 
Mt. Washington, in a clear day. After 
a sail of only ten miles, even before 
we desire, we reach Centre Harbor, 
where we may spend the night, if we 
choose. 

Centre Harbor is at the north 
western extremity of the central one 
of three large bays into which this lake 
is divided, at its west end. It is a 
small village, yet one of the most fa¬ 
vorite summer resorts among all the 
mountain region. It contains twenty- 
five or thirty houses, several stores, and 
a church. Here is the well-known 
“ Senter House," so called from its 
earliest proprietor, now owned and 
conducted by J. L. Huntress, whose 
kind attention to the wants of his 



29 


guests, and his generous hospitality, 
can never be forgotten. It stands up¬ 
on a gentle slope, 30 or 40 feet above 
the lake, overlooking it, with its ver¬ 
dant islands, is shaded by elms in 
front, and in its rear shielded by gran¬ 
ite hills. It is very commodious, and 
favorably located for enjoying the beau¬ 
tiful drives and fine fishing of this re¬ 
gion. 

The “ Moulton House," a short 
distance in the rear of the “ Senter 
House" is of smaller dimensions, yet 
is a pleasant house for those who wish 
to board and spend some time in this 
vicinity. 

The steamer “ Lady of the Lake ” 
continues its course from Centre Har¬ 
bor to Wolfboro ’, 20 miles, and, if con¬ 
venient, it will amply repay the travel¬ 
ler to take this sail. For the first few 
miles the course is the same as that 
over which he has just passed. But 
soon he enters the broader part of the 
lake, near some of its larger islands. 
The finest view ot the distant moun¬ 
tains is at sunset, upon a clear even¬ 
ing. It was at such a time that we 
gazed upon this scene of picturesque 
delights, so enchanting that, in com¬ 
parison with it, we thought only of the 
“sea of glass,” the “ Land of Beulah,” 
and the “ delectable mountains.” 

The steamer “ Chocorua ,” Capt. 
Wiggin, also makes regular trips be¬ 
tween Alton, Wolfboro’, and Centre 
Harbor. 

Red Hill is the chief objeCt of in¬ 
terest in the vicinity of Centre Harbor, 
about four miles distant, in the town 
of Moultonborough, affording the fin¬ 
est view of the IVinnipiseogee and 
Squam lakes. Its height is 2,500 feet; 
yet its ascent is easily effected, for a 
large portion of the distance in car¬ 


riages, and the rest of the way on 
horseback. Its summit is destitute of 
trees, thus affording an uninterrupted 
prospeCt in all directions. To the far 
north, the peaks of the White Moun¬ 
tains are discernible, the Ossipee 
mountains in the east, and a little to the 
north “ Chocorua ,” 3,600 feet high, so 
named from an Indian chieftain, who 
is said to have thrown himself from its 
summit to escape his pursuers. Kear- 
sarge and Monadnock are distinctly 
seen at the south-west, and Belknap at 
the south-east. The distances between 
these embrace the calm expanse of the 
larger lakes, those gems of New Eng¬ 
land, with here and there a town 01 
village, and a smaller lake, glittering 
in the sunlight like a diamond in an 
emerald setting. Grace and loveliness 
make up the entire picture, and you 
feel fully repaid for all the time and 
expense you have spent in being per¬ 
mitted to gaze upon it. 

STAGE LINES. 

Coaches leave Centre Harbor daily 
for Conway and North Conway, soon 
after the arrival of the morning boats 
from Wiers and Alton Bay. The 
distance to North Conway is 35 miles, 
the route passing through the towns 
of Moultonborough, Sandwich, Tam- 
worth, Madison, and Conway, sur¬ 
rounded by picturesque scenery, ever 
new and increasingly attractive. After 
reaching Tamworth, the road passes 
along the shore of Six Mile Po?td, a 
beautiful sheet of water. 

Conway, 14 miles beyond, though 
the gateway to the mountains, is one 
of the most level towns in the State. 
Here are some excellent trout streams. 
The “ Conv/ay House,” L. H. East- 




3 <=> 


titan, proprietor, is deemed one of the 
best of the mountain houses. 

North Conway, five miles further 
north, is in the valley of the Saco 
River, environed by mountains, and is 
a favorite resort of American artists. 
Here are three excellent hotels : the 
Washington House, the Kearsarge 
House, and the North Conway House. 
The view up the valley of the Saco* 


with Mt. Washington in the distance, 
is one of surpassing beauty, while in 
the vicinity of its wooded, winding 
banks are many delightful walks and 
drives. 

Stages leave North Conway every 
morning for the Glen House (21 miles), 
and for \hzCrawfordHouse (28 miles). 
Both Conway and North Conway 
are most agreeable resting places. 


MEREDITH VILLAGE. 

Meredith, Belknap Co., N. H. 

HO miles fr. Boston. • Fr. Littleton, '5'G 

Hotel.—“ Elm House.” 

The tourist, having visited Centre 
Harbor and Lake Winnipiseogee, 
can, if he choose, return to Wiers, and 
continue his journey to the mountains 
by rail, via Plymouth or Littleton. 

Four miles north of IViers is Mere¬ 
dith Village, also on Lake Winnipis¬ 
eogee ; a pleasant village in a roman¬ 
tic region. Here are the “ Wauka- 
wau Mills," for the manufacture of 
hosiery, a cotton mill, large lumber 
yards, three churches, several stores, 
and fine residences. 

Leaving this station, we pass for 
some distance through a wild country, 
along the very edge of “ Winnebago ” 
Pond, or, as it is better known “ Meas- 
ley Pond," and, a little further on, of 
“Long Pond" both of which have 
their outlet in Lake Winnipiseogee. 

HOLDERNESS. 

Holderness, Grafton Co., N. H. 

1*8 miles fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton. 08 

Hotel.—“ Squam Lake House.” 

On the Pemigewasset River, is a 
manufacturing village. It contains 


“ White & Warner’s ” manufactory ot 
woollen cloth, “ Scribner & Drake’s ” 
paper-mills, “ Scribner & Scribner’s ” 
paper-mill, several hosiery mills, a saw 
and grist-mill, two churches, several 
stores, etc. 

Squam Lake is but three miles dis¬ 
tant, in the western part of the town, 
and affords the finest fishing of all the 
mountain lakes. It is not an uncom¬ 
mon circumstance to catch lake trout 
weighing from twelve to twenty pounds. 
The “ Squam Lake House" affords 
excellent accommodations for those 
wishing to enjoy this sport. 


BRIDGEWATER. 

Bridgewater, Grafton Co., N. H. 

*3* miles fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton, OS 
An unimportant flag station for the 
accommodation of Plymouth glove- 
makers. We cross the Pemigewasset 
River just before reaching Bridge- 
water. Thence we ride along its val¬ 
ley, containing some fine, fertile mea¬ 
dows. 

PLYMOUTH. 

Plymouth, Grafton Co., N. H. 

*34 miles fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton, 03 

Hotel.—“Pemigewasset House.” 
Here trains going north stop a half 





3 

hour for dinner, and dorm-trains 40 
minutes. 

Plymouth is situated near the con¬ 
fluence of Baker’s River with the Pem- 
igewasset, just at the opening of the 
Franconia and White Mountain 
ranges, and is one of the most pictu¬ 
resque and delightful regions in New 
Hampshire, abounding in points of in¬ 
terest to the tourist. Among these 
are L ivermore Falls, two miles north 
of the village, unsurpassed in wild and 
romantic scenery, and as being “ pro¬ 
bably the result of volcanic aCtion, in¬ 
vites alike the attention of the student 
of science and the lover of nature.” 

Mount ProspeH, four miles from the 
hotel, with a carriage-road to the sum¬ 
mit, commands a view thirty miles in 
extent, including Lake Winnipiseogee 
with its numerous islands, and rivalling 
in many respeCts that obtained from 
Mount Lafayette or Mount Washing¬ 
ton. In the north the rugged moun¬ 
tain-peaks raise their towering fronts 
skyward, while in all directions valley 
and lake, thriving villages and fertile 
meadows, give to the landscape such 
a profuse variety that the eye can never 
tire. 

Plymouth is one of the county seats 


I 

of Grafton County, and has a popula¬ 
tion of about 1,500. It contains two 
churches, a court-house, and an acad¬ 
emy, and has manufactures of gloves , 
several steam saw-mills, and a numbei 
of fine residences. 

The Pemigewasset House, C. 
M. Morse , Manager, situated on the 
side of the railroad track, in this beau- 
ful village, is an elegant and spacious 
hotel, and without exception the finest 
in the State. It is nearly new, of 230 
feet front, with a wing of 80 feet and 
four stories high. All its appoint¬ 
ments are complete. It has accommo¬ 
dations for 350 guests, is well lighted 
and ventilated, and carefully furnished, 
with a studious regard to the comfort 
and convenience of its occupants. Its 
bath-rooms are abundantly supplied 
with hot and cold wa*-er, while a livery 
stable connected with it is the largest 
in New England, where good teams 
are in readiness at all times. In short, 
no pains have been spared to make 
the Pemigewasset the Home of 
the tourist, while its combination of 
climate, situation and scenery, pre¬ 
sents attractions unsurpassed by any 
other summer resort in the country. 


Stage Route to the Mountains via 
Plymouth. 


I Stages leave the Pemigewasset 
House daily, via the Pemigewasset 
Valley and Franconia Notch, for the 
various points of interest in the moun¬ 
tain region. This is a most desir¬ 
able route, and is thus described by 
“ Eastman s Whitt Mountain 


Guide," which was a valuable aid to 
us in our trip to the mountains : 

“ Should the tourist prefer the stage¬ 
coach to the rail from Plymouth, he 
will enjoy a most delightful ride of 
twenty-nine miles, to the Profile 
House, tracing the course of the 





32 


Pemigewasset River. The road in 
some places is rather rough, but 
the weariness of the way is amply 
compensated by the variety of beau¬ 
tiful objedts that are everywhere 
presented to the view. The river 
meanders in its winding course, now 
with placid and quiet current through 
green meadows, and now in rapid and 
headlong torrent over its pebbly bed, 
while little cascades are bursting from 
the hills, falling in sheeted foam over 
the opposing rocks, to make their way 
to the welcoming stream below. As 
the route leaves the village, the moun¬ 
tains begin to appear in the distance. As 
the distance lessens, the white porticos 
of the Flume House are seen, welcom¬ 
ing our approach. The hotel seems like 
a “ nest among the mountains,” as it 
is relieved by the dark mass amid 
which it rests. The little villages of 
Campton and Thornton are the re¬ 
sort of artists, who spend weeks in 
the vicinity, sketching for future 


RUMNEY. 

Rumney, Grafton Co., N. H. 

132 m. from Boston. From Littleton, 54 
In the valley of the Baker River, is 
situated beneath the shadow of Bald 
and of Rattlesnake mountains. The 
first of these is the one furthest south. 
Rattlesnake Mountain is a very 
rough, precipitous elevation, a thou¬ 
sand feet in height, with the river 
winding through the meadows at its 
base. At Rumney is Emerson’s hoe, 
mop, and fork manufactory, a steam 
saw mill and lumber-yard,two churches, 
and a number of stores. The village is 
three quarters of a mile east of the 
station. 


studies. Campton is said to contain 
more points for fine prospers than 
any town in the neighborhood. A 
quiet little inn upon the road-side 
looks the abode of comfort. Wood- 
stock and Lincoln are small towns 
of no particular note. The road is 
now in the midst of the mountain 
region. The dark hills loom up on 
every side as the day departs. The 
Pemigewasset, now reduced to'a little 
brook, murmurs at our feet. We have 
seen the summits of the hills brighten 
in the rich glory of sunset. The clouds 
are tinged with golden light, changing 
to soft purple and the gray of even¬ 
ing. The stars come out, the moon 
sends her gentle rays down into the 
valley. In the late twilight, after a 
half-day’s exquisite enjoyment, we 
enter the delightful and quiet scenery 
of the Notch Road, passing the Flume 
House, and soon alight beneath the 
grateful shelter of the Profile 
House.” 


WEST RUMNEY. 

Rumney, Grafton Co., N. H. 

135 m. from Boston. From Littleton, 51 
An unimportant station. Here is a 
church and store, and a little collec¬ 
tion of houses on the Baker River. 
Quantities of bark are sent from this 
locality to the tanneries in the vicinity 
of Boston. 

WENTWORTH. 

Wentworth, Grafton Co., N. H. 

140 m. from Boston. From Littleton, 46 

Hotel—“ Smith’s.” 

Also on the Baker River has some 
trade in lumber. It contain; a church, 
lumber-mill, three stores, and a num¬ 
ber of pleasant residences. Romantic 





33 


mountains rise in its vicinity on the 
right and west. 

WARREN. 

Warren, Grafton Co., N. II. 

144 m. from Boston. From Littleton, 42 

Hotel—“Moose Hillock House.” 

Is a small town, containing a peg- 
mill, two saw-mills, a flour-mill, a 
church, and several stores. Large quan¬ 
tities of hemlock bark are sent from 
this station. It is particularly interest¬ 
ing, however, as being in proximity to 
“ Moose Hillock ” Mountain, which, 
from its height (4,600 ft.) and isolated 
position, has many advantages over 
all other mountains in New England. 
Stages ascend the mountain daily, a 
distance of nine miles, to the “ Pros- 
pedl ” House, upon its summit. From 
it an uninterrupted view is presented 
for many miles. To the north lies the 
Valley of the Connecticut and the 
table-lands of Canada, to the north¬ 
east all the chains of the White and 
Franconia mountains, towards the 
east and south the whole State of New 
Hampshire, with the ocean in the far- 
distant horizon dimly reflected in the 
sunlight. On the west the whole of 
Vermont, with its continuous chain of 
the Green Mountains, while in all di¬ 
rections, mountain and valley, lake 
and forest, villages and winding 
streams are spread before the vision. 
'T'he trip to this mountain-summit may 
fe accomplished in about four hours, 
either by coach or on horseback, and 
will amply repay for a little fatigue to 
the lover of the beautiful in mountain 
scenery. 

EAST HAVERHILL. 

Haverhill, Grafton Co., N. H. 
fie m. from Boston. From Littleton, 34 

On a small tributary of the Con¬ 


necticut, at the base of Moose Hillock 
Mountain, has a lumber and flour¬ 
mill, one church and store. Several 
kilns will be noticed near the railroad 
for burning charcoal. 

Direcftly west of Moose Hillock, and 
on our right, we pass under the very 
shadow’ of OwPs Head, a rocky cliff 
rising precipitously several hundred 
feet, singularly exhibiting the rock 
strata running perpendicularly, scant¬ 
ily clothed with a few stunted trees, 
and, with a slight stretch of the im¬ 
agination, resembling somewhat un- 
couthly an owl’s head. 

HAVERHILL. 

Haverhill, Grafton Co., X. n. 

15’3'm. from Boston. From Littleton, SO 

Hotel—“ Exchange House.” 

We now enter the beautiful Con¬ 
necticut Valley, and one of the most 
attractive towns in this section From 
the car windows on the left we over¬ 
look broad and fertile meadows, the 
village of Haverhill on a hill nestled 
among the foliage of its shade-trees, 
while beyond the river, towards the 
west, is seen the towns of Bradford 
and of Newbury, Vt., the latter with 
Mt. Pulaski rising in its rear. 

Haverhill is one of the county seats 
of Grafton County, upon an elevated 
site, surrounded by piCluresque scen¬ 
ery. It contains three churches, a 
court-house, and Webster’s paper- 
mill. In its vicinity are extensive 
marble quarries and marble works. 

Newbury, direCtly opposite, is 
much frequented for its celebrated 
sulphur springs, and the grand and 
beautiful scenery it commands, w’hich 
resembles that from Mount Holyoke in 
Massachusetts in extent and variety. 



34 


NORTH HAVERHILL. 

Haverhill , Grafton Co., N. H. 
164 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleto?i%\ 
A small village, containing two 
churches, a grist and saw mill, a brick¬ 
kiln, and some trade in lumber. Its 
situation is directly east of the Great 
Ox Bow, where the Connecticut River 
makes a sharp turn out of a direct 
course to the east, and then, by 
another equally abrupt to the west, 
pursues its way southward, bounded 
by magnificent meadows. The ele¬ 
vated position of the railway affords 
the traveler a fine view from the car 
windows. 


WOODSVILLE. 

Haverhill, Grafton Co., N. H. 
168 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 20 

At the very northern extremity of 
the town of Haverhill, is the place 
where the “ Boston, Concord, and 
Montreal ” Railroad, and trains of the 
White Mountain Railroad, cross the 
Connecticut to Wells’ River, on the 
west side. It contains several stores, 
a saw-mill, and extensive lumber-yard, 
and is near the junction of the Am- 
monoosuck River with the Connecti¬ 
cut. The view southward, as we cross 
the Connecticut, is delightfully ro¬ 
mantic. Northward are picturesque 
falls and rocks. 


For Wells' River see Jxige 53. 












35 


White Mountains Railroad. 


Wells' River Junction to Littleton , 20 miles . 

This road was chartered in December, 184S; its construction 
was commenced in the fall of 1851, and it was completed to Lit¬ 
tleton in August, 1853. It is now operated by the Boston, Con¬ 
cord, and Montreal Railroad Company. Stages leave Littleton 


for Lancaster, in Coos County, 
near Mount Washington. 

BATH. 

Bath, Grafton Co., N. H. 

173 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 15 
Bath lies upon the east bank of the 
Connecticut, and is also watered by 
the Ammonoosuck, which affords 
many fine mill-seats, and an extensive 
water-power. It rises in the Fran¬ 
conia group of the White Mountains, 
near Mount Washington, and is said 
to be “ the wildest and most impetu¬ 
ous river in New Hampshire,” 
being called the “Wild Ammonoo¬ 
suck.” It abounds in rapids and cas¬ 
cades, and is a stream of surpassing 
beauty. It is crossed by the White 
Mountain Railroad several times, once 
before reaching Bath. 

LISBON. 

Lisbon, Grafton Co., N. H. 

178 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Littleton 10 
A manufacturing village on both 


and for the Crawford House, 


sides of the Lower Ammonoosuck. It 
has manufactories of sfarch, pearl- 
ashes, etc. 

NORTH LISBON STATION. 

Lisbon, Grafton Co., N. H. 

183 m.fr. Boston. Fr .Littleton, 5 . 

A small station half-way between 
Lisbon and Littleton. 

LITTLETON. 

Littleton, Grafton Co., N. H. 

188 nt. fr. Boston. 

Hotel — Thayer’s Hotel. 

This township extends many miles 
along the Connecticut, which forms its 
northern boundary, and here has a 
considerable descent, known as the 
“ Fifteen Mile Falls,” affording an 
extensive water-power. 

The village is on the right bank of 
the Ammonoosuck, which is here 
crossed by a covered bridge. On the 



36 


\ 


main street are many pleasant houses, 
and prosperous-looking stores. The 
large building on the hill is a newly- 
erected school-house, containing all 
the modern improvements which are 
in use in our best schools, Thayer's 
Hotel is a well-managed and conve¬ 
nient house. Well furnished rooms, a 
good table, and ready attendance, 
make it a universal favorite with the 
traveling public. Mr. Thayer makes 
it his specialty to furnish good teams 
and careful drivers to parties going 
into the mountains. Or, if desired. 


teams may be hired for several days 
at reasonable charges. Littleton is 
the best point from which to reach the 
A fount Washington Railway. Lit¬ 
tleton has a population of about 
2,500, and manufactories of scythes, 
iron castings, starch, leather, etc. 
Here travelers for the mountains 
stop, taking a stage n miles to the 
Profile House, and 22 miles to the 
Crawford House, from which points 
the prominent objects of interest may 
be visited at convenience. 




The Franconia Hills. 


The Franconia group of hills are deemed by many, equally 
interesting with the White Mountains themselves, though want¬ 
ing in the grandeur of the mountain ascents. Near the Franco - 
nia Notch are many scenes of marvelous beauty, which well re¬ 
pay the traveler for a visit. At its northern entrance is Echo 
Lake , embowered in the midst of lofty trees, with their dense 
foliage, and entirely inclosed by high mountains. From its cen¬ 
tre the sound of a voice will be re-echoed repeatedly, and the re¬ 
port of a gun sounds like the roar of artillery. Profile Rock, or 
the “ Old Man of the Mountain ,” is a wonderful counterfeit of 
a human face, 80 feet long from the chin to the top of the fore¬ 
head, and 1,200 feet above the level of the pass. The “ Great 
Stone Face” is perfectly colossal, and yet very symmetrical, every 
outline being sharply defined, and looking as if they had been 
carved by the hand of a sculptor. The best position for viewing 
this strange apparition is about a quarter of a mile south of the 
Profile House, on the road through the Notch. At the base of 
this mountain is Profile Lake, of beautiful transparent water, 
abounding with trout, and forming a glittering mirror “under 
the ever-watchful eye of the stern old man.” Five miles further 
south is the Basin , where the Pemigewassett has worn deep and 
curious cavities in the solid rock. It is 45 feet in diameter and 
nearly circular, from which the water falls in dashing cascades. 
One mile below this is the Flume, the most celebrated of all 
Franconia wonders, a narrow gorge in the rocks about 20 feet 
in width, and from 70 to 120 feet in height, through 'which flows 
a small tributary of the Pemigewassett, where the waters tumble 
and gurgle in their restless race downward. Below this is a cas- 


3 « 

cade 616 feet in length, which is an object of great interest, es¬ 
pecially after a copious rain. Mount La Fayette is the monarch 
of the Franconia kingdom, being only 700 feet inferior in alti¬ 
tude to Mount Washington, and is ascended from the Flume 
House. Other points of interest without number will present 
themselves to every tourist. A hasty glance will not suffice to do 
justice to the marvelous workmanship of the Infinite Designer, 
who has here so lavishly displayed the beauty, grandeur, and mag¬ 
nificence of His creative power. Two or three weeks are neces¬ 
sary to ramble among these wondrous “ Granite Hills,” and re¬ 
turn satisfied with the visit. 


39 


The White Mountains. 

The name White Mountains is properly given to a group of 
lofty peaks, occupying a central position within the limits of Coos 
and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire. They cover an area of 
about 40 square miles, and, with one exception, exhibit the most 
elevated land east of the Mississippi—Mount Washington the 
highest—being 6,285 feet above the sea level * Their sublimit y 
and grandeur, with all the wonderful variety and beauty of their 
scenery, have given to this region the cognomen of the “ Swit¬ 
zerland of America,” attracting more tourists than any other 
natural object in the United States, excepting only Niagara 
Falls. Beginning at the Notch, the principal elevations are 
Mount Webster, 4,000 feet above the sea level; Jackson, 4,100; 
Clinton, 4,200; Pleasant, 4,800; Franklin, 4,900; Monroe, 
5,300; Washington, 6,285 ; Clay, 5,400; Adams, 5,800; Jef¬ 
ferson, 5,710; and Madison, 5,361. Their Indian name was 
Agiocochook, or “Mountain of the Snowy Forehead, and Home 
of the Great Spirit,” their gorges and summits often containing 
large patches of snow late into July. 

THE NOTCH. 

The route of travelers, whether from Littleton on the west, or 
from Conway to the south, passes through the Great Notch, one 
of the most interesting features of White Mountain scenery. Here 
the mountains close in upon one another, leaving this magnifi¬ 
cent chasm as if purposely to afford a means of access. At its 
entrance its width is but 22 feet, between two perpendicular 
masses of rock, the one 20 and the other 12 feet in height. It 
was discovered in 1771 by two hunters, and the following year 
Colonel Whipple, of Portsmouth, went through it as the first set¬ 
tler. In 1803, it became an incorporated turnpike of the State. 


40 

It is some three miles in length, through which flows the “In¬ 
fant Saco,” gradually widening as it proceeds, and receiving other 
streams from the mountain sides. Wild and abrupt cliffs and- 
rocky ramparts extend the whole distance, towering in some 
places to the height of 2,000 feet. The Crawford House, at its 
northern extremity, and the Notch House, at its southern, are 
favorable points from which to visit it and its vicinity. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON 

Is ascended from different directions, upon its east and west 
sides. The journey from the Crawford House is 9 miles, and is 
made upon the backs of Canadian ponies, occupying an entire 
day, winding over rough and steep ridges, and along the verge of 
vast ravines several hundred feet in depth. The path is exceed¬ 
ingly narrow and rugged, and the last mile of the ascent is over 
piles of rocks of every variety of size and shape, hurled together 
in the greatest confusion; yet, though somewhat difficult, it is 
not considered dangerous, ladies as well as gentlemen daily mak¬ 
ing the trip. Upon the summit are the Tip-Top and Summit 
Houses, where meals and lodging may be obtained at as reason¬ 
able rates as the difficulty of transportation will allow. The 
view from this lofty elevation is unequaled by any on the eastern 
side of the North American Continent, of which a description can 
give but a faint conception. “ Around you in every direction are 
confused masses of mountains, bearing the appearance of a sea of 
molten lava suddenly cooled while its ponderous waves were yet 
in commotion.” In the southeast a faint glimmering of the At¬ 
lantic is seen, 65 miles distant, “laving the shores of Maine.” 
Numerous lakes, from the Winnipiseogee to small mountain 
ponds, are scattered here and there. In the northeast is Mount 
Katahdin, the loftiest peak in Maine; in the western horizon am 
the Green Mountains of Vermont, and to the south and south¬ 
west are Mount Monadnock and Kearsarge, while the interme¬ 
diate spaces are filled with every variety of landscape, moun¬ 
tains, hills, rivers, plains, and forests, blending to form a scene 
awe-inspiring and sublime. 


41 


The Mount Washington Railway. 

The idea of building a railway up Mount Washington is sev¬ 
eral years old, but no fixed plans were formed until 1866, when 
an experimental section of 100 feet was laid. The results of this 
experiment were so satisfactory, that a joint-stock company was 
formed and the work seriously begun. Most of the stock is owned 
by the Boston , Concord , and Montreal , and the Connecticut and 
Passumpsic Rivers Railways , also by Cheny 6° Co. Express. 
The cost of construction has been about $100,000. Peculiar dif¬ 
ficulties have attended the building of this road, for not only was 
the steep and rocky mountain-side to be overcome, but the work¬ 
men were constantly driven from their labor by fierce storms 
which swept down upon them when least expected. At best, not 
more than six months in a year could be counted on in which work 
would be possible, and during many days of each month it was 
sure to be interrupted to a greater or less extent. 

The peculiarity of the railway is that it ascends 3,596 feet 
in a distance of about three miles. The grade is in some 
places 13-J inches to the yard, or more than one foot in three. 
The track is laid on a strong trestle-work of heavy timber, braced 
and bolted in the most substantial manner, and resting on the 
rocky foundations of the mountain itself. This trestle-work 
varies from a foot to 20 feet in height, according to the form of 
the mountain-side. Wrought-inpn rails are bolted to heavy tim¬ 
bers, at about the same distance apart as those of ordinary rail¬ 
ways. Midway between these, strongly clamped and bolted to 
the sleepers or cross-ties, is a third rail of peculiar construction. 
Imagine a narrow ladder of wrought iron, with its rounds about 
4 inches apart, placed between the rails of an ordinary railway, 


42 

and you have a good idea of this middle rail. The manner in 
which motion is imparted to the train is as follows: Under the 
engine and over the middle rail is a driving-wheel, with cogs 
so arranged as to fit between what we have termed the rounds 
of this ladder. This wheel being set in motion, of course passes 
along the ladder, inserting its cogs between the successive rounds, 
and thus climbing, so to speak, along the track. 

An iron clamp is so arranged as to hold the engine firmly on 
the track, even if its own weight were not amply sufficient for 
. that purpose. The engine is in other respects adapted to the 
special duties required of it, and is built in the strongest and 
most durable manner. The car has seats for 40 or 50 persons. 
The seats are hung so that they adjust themselves to the varying 
steepness of the grade. Powerful self-acting brakes are attached 
both to the engine and car, so that an accident to one will not af¬ 
fect the other. 

We have no hesitation in saying that, considering the rate of 
speed at which the trains are run, a traveler is as safe in making 
this ascent as he is when traveling on an ordinary express train. 

Three trips are made up the mountain, and back, daily. 

Littleton, or the new railroad terminus beyond, is the most 
convenient place from which to reach the Mt. Washington Rail¬ 
way. At Concord, the traveler has the choice of two routes to 
Wells' River , whence the White Mountain Railway takes him to 
Littleton. He may take either the Boston , Concord , and Mon¬ 
treal Railway direct to Wells' River , or the Northern New 
Hampshire Railway to White River Junction, and thence by the 
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railway to Wells' River . 
The time is the same by both routes, and both are made without 
change of cars. The most attractive scenery is that via the 
Boston , Concord , and Montreal Railway , although the other 
route affords mountain and lake scenery of great beauty. 
From Littleton to the foot of the Mt. Washington Railway is 
25 miles, which distance is traversed by stage or private team. 
The ride is one of unsurpassed beauty. The loftiest of the White 


43 

Mountain peaks are almost constantly in sight; the “WildAm- 
monoosuck ” is at the roadside ; all around are tangled mountain 
woods, moss-covered rocks, gray precipices, and the countless ob¬ 
jects of interest characteristic of this wonderful region. 


44 


The Northern (N.H.) Railway. 

Concord , N. II., to White River Junction, Vt., 69 miles. 

This railway was commenced in 1846, and finished to White 
River Junction in 1848. It lies wholly within the limits of the 
“ Granite State,” and follows a somewhat tortuous western course 
throughout its entire length. Considerable engineering difficul¬ 
ties were naturally encountered in passing through the New 
Hampshire mountains, the road rising nearly 800 feet within the 
first 40 miles. The scenery is exceedingly beautiful and varied. 
For the first 20 miles the road follows the right bank of the Mer¬ 
rimack, or overlooks its green meadows, then, leaving at once the 
river and its level fields, the country rapidly becomes wild and 
rugged ; foaming mountain streams are crossed and recrossed, and 
dark granite rocks rise precipitously on both sides of the track 
until the summit is passed and the eastern slope of the Connecti¬ 
cut is reached. 

The Northern Railway connects at Concord with the Boston , 
Concord , and Montreal Railroad (see page 25), with the Con- 
cord Railway (see page 20), and with the Concord , Claremont , 
and Contoocook Railway. At Franklin the branch to Bristol 
diverges, and at White River Junction connections are made with 
the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railway (see page 53), 
the Connecticut River Railway , and the Vermont Central Rail - 
way (see page 65). 


45 


FISHERVILLE. 

Concord, Merrimack Co. N. H. 
80 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 248 

This is a small village almost in the 
suburbs of Concord, and situated at 
the confluence of the Merrimack and 
Contoocook Rivers. The latter of these 
streams furnishes excellent water¬ 
power, and cotton and woolen mills 
are located near its mouth. Just after 
leaving the station the railroad crosses 
a bridge, then runs for a few rods on 
an island before crossing a second 
bridge to the mainland. This is Dus¬ 
tin's Island, once a favorite camping 
place of Indians. A party of ten of 
them, in the early history of the State, 
captured Mrs. Dustin of Haverhill, 
Mass., with a nurse who was in her 
employ. On their way to the North the 
party stopped on this island for the 
night,when Mrs. Dustin and her nurse 
succeeded in killing every one of their 
captors, after which daring feat they 
took a canoe and returned down the 
river to their homes. An act requiring 
more nerve and coolness has seldom 
been accomplished. 

BOSCAWEN. 

Boscawen, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
83 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 245 

The town contains about 2,500 in¬ 
habitants, and lies along the west bank 
of the broad Merrimack. The mead¬ 
ows bordering the river for several 
miles are remarkable for their beauty 
and for the graceful groups of elms 
which dot their surface in every direc¬ 
tion. The town contains cotton and 
woolen factories, saw and grist mills, 
machine shops, and several stores. 


NORTH BOSCAWEN. 

Boscaiven, Merrimack Co., N.II. 
87 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 241 
The village of North Boscawen lies 
around the station. The principal oc¬ 
cupation of the inhabitants is farming 
and its kindred pursuits. 

WEBSTER PLACE. 

Franklin, Merrimack Co., JV. //. 
90 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 238 

This station, small and unimportant 
in a commercial point of view, is in¬ 
teresting as having been the home of 
the great statesman Daniel Webster. 
The large white house north of the 
railway is the Webster house. Ad¬ 
ditions and alterations have from time 
to time been made in the building, but 
the original house may be recognized 
by its huge chimney and the row of 
columns which decorate its front. To 
this quiet retreat Webster loved to re¬ 
tire during his few and short vaca¬ 
tions, to rest from those arduous labors 
which eventually caused his death. 
The house in which he was born is 
not far distant in the town of Salis¬ 
bury, which was at the time of his 
birth included in Franklin, so that 
both towns count him among their 
sons. The railroad continues to skirt 
the beautiful Merrimack meadows 
until we reach the village of 

4 

FRANKLIN. 

Merrimack Co., N. H. 
92 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Motifl, 236 
Hotels —Webster Douse, Frank¬ 
lin Hotel. 

This thriving village is beautifully 
situated at tb“ point where the Femi- 



46 


gesnasset and the Winnij>iseogee 
enter to form the Merrimack. The 
village is somewhat scattered, but is 
rendered very picturesque and beauti¬ 
ful by the wooded hills which surround 
it, and by the swift and foaming 
streams which tumble through its val¬ 
leys and drive the wheels of its mills 
and machine shops. The track of the 
Northern N. H. R. R. is elevated on 
a hill side, so that the traveler can look 
down into the principal street of the 
busy little place. 

Large quantities of flannel, hosiery, 
and paper are annually manufactured 
here, several mills being engaged in 


the business. Aiken’s machine shops 
are widely known by their knitting 
machinery and their patent awls, 
which latter comprise in one handle 
awls of many sizes, and various small 
tools. 

The Bristol Branch Railway di¬ 
verges from the main line here, and 
runs to Bristol, 13 miles distant, great¬ 
ly increasing the business of the 
town. 

The older inhabitants of Franklin 
have no end of stories to tell about 
their famous townsman, Daniel Web¬ 
ster, who loved to visit in this vicinity 
and fish in its streams and ponds. 


For continuation 0/ Northern (N.H.) R. R., see fage 47. 



47 


The Bristol Branch Railroad. 

Fra?iklin to Bristol , 13 miles. 

This railroad was incorporated in 1S46, and finished in 1S4S. 
It was intended to accommodate the business of the enterprising 
town at its northern terminus, and it has fully realized the expec¬ 
tations of its projectors, the manufacturing resources of the coun¬ 
try having been largely developed since its completion. 


BRISTOL. 

Bristol, Grafton Co., N. H. 

105 vt.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr’l, 249 

Stages connecting with trains to 
New Hampton and Hebron. 

The face of the country in this town 
is broken into rough hills, affording, 
however, some fertile intervals and 
fair farms. The Pemigewasset Riv¬ 
er runs through the eastern parts of 
the town, and Smith’s River through 
the southern part. Newfound River, 
the outlet of Newfound Lake, runs 
directly through the village, and fur¬ 


nishes ample water-power having a 
natural reservoir in the lake from 
which it runs. At Bristol are exten¬ 
sive manufactories. 

A rich bed of plumbago exists two 
or three miles from the village. Two 
miles below Bristol, at the mouth of 
Smith’s River, is another thriving vil¬ 
lage with factories and mills. The 
whole vicinity is beautiful with hilis 
and valleys, brooks and rivers, lakes 
and falls, and possesses many attrac¬ 
tions for summer tourists to linger a 
few days amidst its varied and wild 
scenery. 


EAST ANDOVER. 

Andover, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
98 vt.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont'l, 230 
Leaving Franklin we soon emerge 
from the hills and come in sight of a 
fine sheet of water on the easterly side 
of the track. This is Chance Pond, 
or, as it has in later years been called, 
Webster's Pond. 

For nearly two miles the car win¬ 
dows command a view of this beauti¬ 


ful lake, and a little beyond it wc 
reach East Andover, a small village 
whose inhabitants are chiefly engaged 
in farming. 

ANDOVER. 

Andover, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
102 tn.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont'l, 226 
Stages daily to New London , 
Springfield, and Croydon. 

As we approach this station ti.3 1 : 





48 


regular and broken summit of Ragged 
Mountain may be seen on the right, 
and we occasionally catch sight of the 
winding banks of Black-water River. 
The village of Andover is on the shore 
of Ragle Pond, a lake about 4 miles 
long, and of a charmingly irregular 
shape. Beyond it, and reflected in 
its waters, are the dark heights of 
Ragged Mountain, to avoid which the 
railroad makes a wide detour. There 
is some manufacturing carried on in 
this town, but farming and stock rais¬ 
ing are the principal occupations of 
the inhabitants. The population of 
the town is about 1,300. 

POTTER PLACE. 

Andover, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
104 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont’l, 224 

This place derives its name from 
one Potter, a somewhat famous ne¬ 
cromancer and juggler. 

Visitors to Mount Kearsarge leave 
the cars at this station. The hotel is 
only 4 miles distant, and stages run 
regularly in connection with passenger 
trains during the season for pleasure 
travel. From this point to White 
River Junction, the scenery along the 
line of the railroad becomes wild and 
hilly. 

MOUNT KEARSARGE. 

The name of Kearsarge has been 
known all over the civilized world since 
the famous naval engagement off 
Cherbourg, June 19th, 1864, which 
ended in the destruction of the Con¬ 
federate cruiser Alabama by the Kear¬ 
sarge. With excellent taste the pro¬ 
prietor of the hotel at the mountain 
has done his part to commemorate the 
victory by naming his house after the 
brave commander, Com. Winslow. 

The mountain may be seen from the 
cars a few miles to the west of the 


track. It is distinguished by grandly 
sloping sides and a bald rocky sum¬ 
mit. Being isolated in its position, 
and higher than any mountain in the 
vicinity, a very wide and beautiful 
view may be obtained from its top, in¬ 
cluding the ranges of the White and 
Green Mountains, and a vast extent 
of diversified and interesting country. 
The Winslow House has recently been 
refitted, and affords every comfort for 
its guests. 

WEST ANDOVER. 

Andover, Merrimack Co., N. H. 
106 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Monti, 222 
A small village surrounded by rug¬ 
ged hills. There are ponds and 
streams in the vicinity, which afford 
good fishing. 

SOUTH DANBURY. 

Danbury, Grafton Co., N. H. 
109 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont'l, 219 
The village with its neat church is 
near the station. Smith's River runs 
through the valley near-by. 

DANBURY. 

Danbury, Grafto?i Co., N. H. 
112 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont'l, 216 
The town is sparsely settled, con¬ 
taining about 1,000 inhabitants. Dan¬ 
bury village is near the station. 
Horses, cattle, and sheep are raised 
to a considerable extent in the town¬ 
ship. 

GRAFTON. 

Grafton, Grafton Co., N. H. 

117 m.fr.Boston. Fr.MontPl, 211 
The village is a short distance 
north of the railroad. Some good 
land is found in the intervals along 
the streams, but the whole town is 



49 


hilly and wild. Mica is an article of 
commerce, being found in large quan¬ 
tities in portions of the hills. 

GRAFTON CENTRE. 

Grafton, Grafton Co., N. H. 

118 rn.fr.Boston. Fr.MontFl, 210 
At this station we are in the midst 
of rugged and precipitous hills, which 
prevent an extended view in any di¬ 
rection. 

Passing Tewksbury Pond on the 
left, the source of Smith’s River, we 
soon reach Orange Summit, at which 
point the track is 778 feet higher than 
at Concord, 44 miles distant. We 
here pass through a deep rock cutting, 
and, commencing our descent toward 
the Connecticut, soon strike the head 
waters of the Masco my River. 

CANAAN. 

Canaan, Grafton Co., N. H. 

125 rn.fr. Boston. Fr.Montr’l, 208 
.This town was settled from Canaan, 
Conn. It contains 1,800 inhabitants, 
and has some good farms. The busi¬ 
ness of tanning is carried on here, and 
on Smith’s River are several saw and 
grist mills. In the vicinity of the vil¬ 
lage is a pond known as Heart Pond, 
which is surrounded by a curious bank 
like the levies of our Southern rivers. 
This gives the pond the appearance of 
being set on a hill. The bank is said 
to have been formed by the drifting of 
ice in the spring. 

Leaving the station we cross and 
recross the Mascomy River, which 
now winds through level meadows, 
and now dashes through rocky 
chasms, affording a constant source of 
interest. This mountain range does 
not reach so great an elevation as does 
that portion lying west of the Connec- ' 


ticut River. It is, however, full ot 
wild and beautiful scenery, and, at 
most of the villages, excellent accom¬ 
modations can be found by summer 
visitors. 

WEST CANAAN. 

Canaan, Grafton Co., N. //. 
129 rn.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr’l, 199 
Wooded hills surround the few 
houses which compose this village. 
Along the river are green meadows, 
which are fertile and productive, 
through which the Mascomy River 
flows with a slow and noiseless cur¬ 
rent, very different from the turbulent 
rapids into which it is broken a little 
below. 

ENFIELD. 

Enfield, Grafton Co,, N. //. 
133 m.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr’l, 195 
Before reaching the village of En¬ 
field we pass several mill-ponds near 
the track, most of which are used by 
lumber mills. The last one on the 
right belongs to the Shaker Mills, 
where are made the famous Shaker 
flannels. Enfield has several families 
of Shakers within its limits, and all 
are in a prosperous condition. They 
are engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
raising large quantities of choice 
garden seeds. They manufacture 
woodenware, brooms, and other use¬ 
ful articles of merchandise. The 
community was formerly under the 
charge of Caleb Dyer, who was for a 
long time prominent among the lead¬ 
ers of his sect. 

Leaving the village we come out 
upon the shore of Enfield Fond. 

This splendid pond is several miles 
long, and the track is laid close to its 
bank most of the way to Lebanon. 



Those who are fortunate enough to 
view this pond at the hour of sunset 
will witness a scene of great beauty. 

EAST LEBANON. 

Lebanon, Grafton Co., N. H. 
135 ni.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 193 

The village is near the outlet of En¬ 
field pond; is possessed of a fine 
water-power, which is not used to any 
large extent. 

LEBANON. 

Lebanon, Grafton Co., N. H. 

139 nt.fr. Boston, Fr. MontPl 189 
Stages daily to Meriden. 

Many of the towns in this neighbor¬ 
hood were settled from Conn., and 
their founders named their new homes 
after the old. Such was the case with 
Lebanon, which is now a thriving 
manufacturing town of 2,500 inhabit¬ 
ants. The Mascomy River furnishes 
excellent water-power, and there are 
in the place flouring mills, furniture 
and scythe factories, iron and brass 
founderies, machine shops, and a 
manufactory of elastic sponge. 

The Rev. Isaiah Potter was the 
first pastor in this town, and was in- 
stalled in 1772. He seems to have 
been the original “muscular Chris¬ 
tian ”of this vicinity. He was a chap¬ 
lain in the Revolutionary army, and it is 
related of him that once, seeing two 
men trying in vain to mount a small 
cannon on its carriage, he pushed them 
aside, quietly lifted the gun to its 
place, and then walked coolly away, 
leaving the men astonished at the par¬ 
son’s strength. It is also said that 
he could mow for half a day without 
stopping to whet his scythe, cutting 
the grass by mere muscular force. 


5 ° 

WEST LEBANON. 

Lebanon, Grafton Co., N. H. 
142 ni. fr.Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 186 

This village is on the left or east 
bank of the Connecticut, opposite 
White River Junction. It contains the 
Tilde n Seminaryfor Young Ladies, 
an institution widely known, and hav¬ 
ing an excellent reputation. The 
buildings may be seen on the hill 
above the track. 

The railroad crosses the Connecti¬ 
cut to the west bank on a bridge from 
which fine views may be obtained up 
and down stream. It is interesting 
to observe how the brown water of the 
Connecticut, and the perfectly clear 
water of White River retain their pe¬ 
culiarities even while passing under 
the railroad bridge, which is several 
hundred yards below the confluence 
of the two streams. The line between 
the two is near the last pier at the 
west end of the bridge. 

WHITE RIVER JUNCTION. 

Hartford, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
143 m.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 185 
Hotel —function House. 

This station is important in being 
at the junction of three large and 
prosperous railways, namely, The 
Northern N. H., The Vermont Cen¬ 
tral, and The Connecticut and Pas- 
sumpsic Rivers Railways. All trains 
stop at this station long enough to en¬ 
able the passengers to partake of re¬ 
freshments in the restaurant which is 
connected with the station, or at the 
large hotel near-by. 


Route to Montreal, etc , continued, page 63. 




Connecticut and Passumpsic 
Rivers Railway. 

White River Junction to Derby , no miles. 

This road was chartered November, 1835, with an authorized 
capital of $2,000,000, and power to increase the same to $3,000,- 
000. In 1843, the charter was revived, the company was organ¬ 
ized January 15th, 1846, and the work was commenced in the 
fall of 1846. In October, 1848, the road was opened from White 
River Junction to Bradford, 28 miles; in November of the same 
year to Wells’ River, 40 miles; in November, 1850, to St. Johns- 
bury, 21 miles; in October, 1858, to Barton; and in 1866, to 
Derby, on the Canada line, where it connects with the Stanstead, 
Stafford, and Chambly Railroad, in Canada, now in process of 
construction, and running from St. John’s to Waterloo. At 
Wells’ River Junction the White Mountains Railroad diverges to 
Littleton and Lancaster, N. H., and the Boston, Concord, and 
Montreal Railway to Concord, N. H., connecting at Weirs, by 
the steamer Lady of the Lake, with all parts of the beautiful Lake 
Winnipiseogee. 

From Newport a steamer runs daily on Lake Memphremagog 
in connection with the train, during the season of pleasure travel, 
for Magog, Lower Canada, from whence stages run to Sherbiook, 
connecting with the trains of the Grand Trunk Railway. 


5 2 

For White River Junction, see page 50. 


NORWICH AND HANOVER. 

Norwich, Windsor Co., Vt. 

148 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 106 

Soon after leaving the junction the 
White River is crossed near its mouth, 
and our course is through the rich and 
beautiful Valley of the Connecticut. 
The scenery now presented is charm¬ 
ing. 

Norwich village is about three- 
fourths of a mile from the station, 
surrounded by high hills and romantic 
scenery. It contains manufactories of 
boots and shoes, leather, and cabinet 
ware, and is the seat of the Norwich 
University, founded in 1834, the main 
building of which was burned in 1866. 
Efforts are being made to rebuild it 
and endow it more liberally. 

Hanover is directly opposite, in 
New Hampshire. A bridge connects 
it with Norw'ch, and is the only free 
bridge across the Connecticut. It has 
a fine situation on an elevated plain, 
180 feet above the level of the river. 
In the centre is a square of about 12 
acres, around which stand the princi¬ 
pal dwellings and the buildings of 
Dartmouth College. This institution 
was founded in 1769, and received its 
name from William, Earl of Dart¬ 
mouth. Here some of America’s 
greatest scholars and statesmen re¬ 
ceived their early education, among 
whom are the names of Webster, 
Choate, Woodbury, and Chase, the 
present Chief-Justice of the United 
States. Connected with it is a flour¬ 
ishing medical school. The village 
contains several churches and stores, 
and has some manufactories of hard¬ 
ware, paper, and furniture. 


P0MPAN00SUC. 

Norwich, Windsor Co., Vt. 

154 7 1. fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 100 

Formerly called Ompompanoosuc, 
the “ Indian name given to a little 
stream that you cross before reaching 
the station, and signifying the place 
where onions are found.” Large 
quantities of copperas ore are sent from 
this station to Philadelphia and Eng¬ 
land, from which sulphuric acid is 
manufactured. North of the station 
are fine views of Moose Hillock and 
Bald Mountain. 

THETFORD AND LYME. 

Theiford, Orange Co., Vt. 

159 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 95 

The village of Thetford is about a 
mile west of the station. It contains 
several churches, an academy, and 
manufactories of woolens, furniture, 
and carriages. Lyme, on the east side 
of the river, in New Hampshire, is ac¬ 
commodated by the same depot. 

NORTH THETFORD. 

Thetford, Orange Co., Vt. 

161 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 93 
The Corinth Copper Company, 
working mines at Vershire and Co¬ 
rinth, send large quantities of copper 
ore from this station to Portsmouth, 
New Hampshire, and thence to Balti¬ 
more by water, where it is smelted. 




FAIRLEE AND ORFORD. 

Fair lee, Orange Co., VI. 

166 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 88 

Here a stream from a small lake, a 
few miles west, enters the Connecti¬ 
cut. Beyond the station a massive 
ledge of rocks, rising several hun¬ 
dred feet, will be noticed on the left. 
Okfokd is opposite Fairlee, and con¬ 
nected with it by a bridge across the 
Connecticut. It contains a young la¬ 
dies’ seminary, seen a short distance 
east of the river. 

BRADFORD. 

Bradford, Orange Co., Vt. 

173 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 81 

Here passengers for Topshatn, Co¬ 
rinth, Orange, Washington , and 
Piermont leave the train, taking stage 
lines. This is the second town in im¬ 
portance on the route from White Riv¬ 
er Junction to Newport. It contains 
2 newspaper offices, an academy, and 
has manufactories of iron castings, 
machinery, woolen goods, starch, 
etc., driven by the water-power of the 
White River. Here was manufac¬ 
tured in 1812, the first artificial globe 
made in the United States. North of 
Bradford you come in sight of the vil¬ 
lage of Haverhill, situated on a hill 
overlooking the valley ; and to the 
east, Moose Hillock, Sugar-Loaf, and 
Black Mountains come in view. 

SOUTH-NEWBTJRY. 

Newbury, Orange Co., Vt. 

177 7 n.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 77 

A post village in the southern part 


53 

of Newbury. Here are some fine 
farms and interesting scenery. * 

NEWBURY. 

Newbury, Oratige Co., Vt. 

180 77 t.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 74 
Is an old town, and one of the most 
attractive in the Upper Connecticut 
Valley. The village is on the left of 
the railroad, upon a terrace nearly ioo 
feet above the meadows, and contains 
several churches, a Methodist acade¬ 
my, and several manufactories of lea¬ 
ther, boots and shoes, paper, starch, 
etc. It is much frequented for its 
celebrated Sulphur Springs, and the 
grand and beautiful scenery it com¬ 
mands, which resembles that from 
Mount Holyoke in Massachusetts in 
its extent and variety. Mount Pulas¬ 
ki, in the rear of the town, is easy of 
access. Franconia Mountains are 
seen in the distance to the north-east, 
and on a clear day the Notch, through 
which tourists pass to the White 
Mountains. The Great Ox Bow is 
north of the village, where the river 
makes a sharp turn out of a direct 
course to the east, and then by anoth¬ 
er, equally abrupt, to the west, pur¬ 
sues its way southward, bounded by 
magnificent meadows. There are two 
hotels at Newbury, and the traveler 
may profitably spend a little time in 
visiting its attractions. 

WELLS’ RIVER. 

Newbury , Oratige Co., Vt. 

184 7 n.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 70 

Hotels — Wells’ River House, 
Union House. 

At the mouth of the Wells’ River, is 



54 


a pleasant village of considerable ac¬ 
tivity, containing a bank and various 
manufactories, for which the Wells’ 
River affords a good water-power. 
It is the junction of the Boston, Con¬ 
cord, and Montreal Railroad with 
the Connecticut and Passumpsic Riv¬ 
ers Railroad. 

RYEGATE. 

Ryegate, Caledonia Co., Vt. 

188 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 66 
Soon after leaving Wells’ River, the 
blue summits of the White Mountains 
are hidden by intervening hills, and 
we reach Ryegate, a town of about 
i,ooo inhabitants. A seat on the east 
side of the car will enable the traveler 
to enjoy a series of the most charm¬ 
ing river views imaginable. The first 
of these is seen soon after leaving the 
station. A natural dam, formed by a 
ledge of gray rocks, sets back the wa¬ 
ters of the Connecticut, making a 
lake-like stretch of river, to which the 
hills on the opposite side slope ab¬ 
ruptly. The falls at the foot of this 
natural mill-pond are Dodge’s Falls. 
The water-power is used to drive a 
saw-mill, and large quantities of lum¬ 
ber are here prepared for market. 

McINDOE’S FALLS. 

Barnet, Caledonia Co., Vt. 

192 7 n.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 62 
Just south of this station we pass 
the falls from which it is named. 
The fall affords water-power for two 
saw-mills, and a large business is 
done here. A short distance beyond 
the station, the railroad emerges from 


a cutting, and another lovely river 
view opens. Close at hand is a pic¬ 
turesque, rock-bound cove, across 
whose entrance is stretched a boom, 
within which large quantities of logs 
may often be seen awaiting their turn 
to furnish food for the mills below. A 
few miles further on, we pass BeanCs 
Falls, similar in character to those 
we have just seen, and, before long, 
leave the valley of the Connecticut, 
which may be seen opening through 
the hills to the eastward. Opposite 
to the railroad, at this point and be¬ 
low, several large islands will be no¬ 
ticed. They are said to be twenty- 
one in number. One of them, “ Gold 
Island was vainly searched, some 
years since, for treasure supposed to 
have been buried by Indians. The 
treasure still remains concealed. 
Above these islands is the foot of 
“Fifteen Mile Falls.” The foam- 
flecked water is, however, the only 
evidence of falls to be seen from the 
cars. The mouth of the Passumpsic 
River may now be seen east of the 
railway. At this point we enter a 
more rugged and mountainous region 
than that through which the road 
has thus far passed. 

BARNET. 

Barfiet, Caledonia Co., Vt. 

195 7 n.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 59 

Stage daily to Peacha 77 i. 

This village is at the mouth of Ste¬ 
vens’ River, which we cross just be 
fore reaching the station. This stream 
is named after the persons to whom 
the original town charter was granted. 
They were sons of the gallant Phineas 




55 


Stevens, who, in 1747, defended the 
fort at Charlestown, N. H., against 
an overwhelming force of French and 
Indians. Barnet contains a large 
woolen mill, owned by a Connecticut 
company. 

McLEARN’S. 

Barnet, Caledonia Co., Vt. 

198 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 56 

The Passumpsic at this station 
breaks through a rugged gorge. 
Black, slaty rocks overhang the tor¬ 
tuous channel, through which the 
white waters boil and foam unceasing¬ 
ly. A saw-mill is just at the station, 
which is surrounded by a small vil¬ 
lage. Passing across narrow, fertile 
meadows, and crossing some small 
streams, we soon reach 

PASSUMPSIC. 

Passumpsic, Caledonia Co., Vt. 
202 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 52 

Just below this station are beautiful 
falls, whose rocky sides, between 
which the river dashes, have been 
doubly utilized, forming abutments, 
alike for a bridge and a mill-dam. 

ST. JOHNSBURY. 

St. Johnsbury, Caledonia Co., Vt. 
205 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 49 
Hotels —Passumpsic House, St. 

Johnsbury House. 

Stages run from this place to Dan¬ 
ville, Walden, Hardwick, Cabot, 
Montpelier, West Concord, Lu¬ 
nenburg, Guildhall, Lancaster, 
atid Littleton. 

This beautiful town is the seat of 


justice for Caledonia Co., and is sit¬ 
uated near the junction of Sleeper’s 
River with the Passumpsic. The vil¬ 
lage is scattered over several hills and 
valleys. The principal street, and 
most important buildings, being upon 
a level space known as the “ Plain.” 
The town at present contains about 
3,500 inhabitants, and is the most im¬ 
portant place in this part of the State. 
The Court-House is a large and hand¬ 
some structure of brick, standing in 
a shaded square, which occupies the 
summit of a slight eminence. 

Directly in front of the Court-House 
stands the recently erected Soldiers’ 
Monument. It consists of a massive 
pedestal of Vermont marble, on the 
sides of which are carved the names 
of 81 men from St. Johnsbury, who 
lost their lives in the army during the 
late war. This pedestal is surmount¬ 
ed by a statue of America, by Larkin 
G. Meade, the well-known sculptor. 

Not far distant is a new library 
building, erected by the liberality of 
private individuals. 

All through the village, and particu¬ 
larly in the southern part of it, are 
comfortable and elegant houses, sur¬ 
rounded by tasteful gardens and 
pleasure grounds. Conspicuous 
among these are the dwellings of 
the Messrs. Fairbanks, of the great 
scale company, to which St. Johns¬ 
bury owes much of its wealth, 
prosperity, and beauty. The scale 
factory is situated on Sleeper’s 
River. The invention, which gave a 
start to this great business, was made 
by Mr. Thadeus Fairbanks, in 1829, 
and was soon after patented. Now 
Fairbanks’ scales are known and used 
all over the world. Some idea of the 
magnitude of the business may be 



56 


formed from the fact that, during one 
week at the time of the writer’s stay 
at St. Johnsbury, 400 of the large hay- 
scales were shipped. This does not 
include the large numbers of other 
kinds of scales. 

Besides the scale factory, St. Johns¬ 
bury contains tile-works, founderies, 
and factories for the manufacture of 
sashes, blinds* and furniture. 

A good view of the village and vi¬ 
cinity may be obtained from the sum¬ 
mit of Reservoir Hill. This view is 
not extensive, owing to the hilly na¬ 
ture of the surrounding country, but 
it is beautiful enough to repay the 
traveler for making the ascent. St. 
Johnsbury possesses excellent schools, 
and several churches. The land in 
the neighborhood is fertile and pro¬ 
ductive, not only in the intervales or 
meadows, but on the hillsides. 

ST. JOHNSBURY CENTRE. 

St. Johnsbury, Caledonia Co., Vt. 
207 m./r. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 47 

This is a small village, built princi¬ 
pally along the left bank of the Pas- 
sumpsic River, on the right bank of 
which is the railroad. It is surround¬ 
ed by fine farms, those on the hills 
being especially good, and most of the 
population is engaged in agriculture 
and stock raising. About two miles 
beyond the station, a white wooden 
house may be seen on the right of the 
track, in front of which stands a large 
elm tree. This tree was planted by 
Mr. Elkanah Cobb, a soldier of the 
Revolution and of the war of 1812. 
When returning from the battle of 
Plattsburg, Mr. Cobb cut a sapling, 
and on reaching home set it out in 
his door-yard. The sapling took 


root, and grew into the noble tree 
which now overshadows the old sol¬ 
dier’s former home, and serves as a 
memento of the early days of the Re¬ 
public. 

LYNDON. 

Caledonia Co., Vt. 

213 rn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 41 
Stages daily to Wheelock, Sheffield, 
and Isla?id Pond. Connect with 
mail train. 

This town was surveyed before any 
of its neighbors, and was laid out in a 
square. Its soil is fertile, and very 
productive. There are three villages, 
through or near all of which the rail¬ 
road passes. The first, or south¬ 
ernmost, is Lyndon Corners, that fur¬ 
ther west is Lyndon Centre, and that 
at the station is Lyndo?iville. At this 
latter village are the general offices and 
repair shops of the Connecticut and 
Passumfsic Rivers Railway. The 
offices and shops were originally at 
St. Johnsbury, but were burned in 
1866, after which the present commo¬ 
dious and elegant buildings were 
erected. 

In the southern part of the town are 
the Great Falls in the Passumpsic, 65 
feet in height; and a mile above them 
Little Falls, 18 feet in height. Both 
of these may be partially seen from . 
the car-windows. A fine view of ; 
Burke Mountain, 3,500 feet high, 
may be obtained from the hill near the ' 
station. 

FOLSOMS. 

Burke, Caledonia Co., Vt. 

215 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 39 
A small village, with but few in- £ 





57 


habitants near the railroad, the bulk 
of the population being scattered over 
the neighboring country. 

Before reaching West Burke, as 
you pass from Folsoms, a fine view 
of Burke Mountain opens to the right 
and rear. 

WEST BURKE. 

Burke , Caledonia Co., Vt. 

221 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 33 

Stages leave West Burke daily to 
Lake Willoughby, on the arrival of 
trains. This charming lake has a 
beauty which is peculiar to itself. It 
lies between two high, steep, and 
rocky mountains, which rise abruptly 
from the water. The lake is so deep 
that no trustworthy measurement has, 
as yet, been made. Trout abound in 
its waters, and the scenery from al¬ 
most any part of its surface is en¬ 
chanting beyond description. The 
Willoughby Lake House has accom¬ 
modations for about ioo guests, every 
individual of whom may consider 
himself favored if he is able to secure 
a room for a few days. 

So peculiar is the charm of this lake 
and valley between the Willoughby 
Mountains, that we doubt if any one 
ever turned his back upon it to return 
to the every-day world, without a feel¬ 
ing of regret almost amounting to 
home-sickness. 

SOUTH BARTON. 

Barton, Orleans Co., Vt. 

229 in.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 25 

This station is called the Summit, 
being near the dividing ridge between 


the Connecticut and the St. Lawrence. 
At this station a superb view opens 
of the Jay Peak range, and of the 
mountains around Lake Memphrema- 
gog. Jay Peak may be known by its 
very sharp summit, which is 4,000 
feet high. The broad valley, wiih its 
lakes and woods, bounded by tower¬ 
ing hills and mountains, forms a pic¬ 
ture which is well worthy of the trav¬ 
eler’s admiration. 

South Barton is in the centre of a 
productive lumber region. At this 
station is a chair factory. 

BARTON. 

Barton, Orleans Co., Vt. 

234 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 20 
Stages daily to Montpelier, Hard¬ 
wick, Glover, and Craftsbury. 
The town was named after General 
Wm. Barton, of Rhode Island, to 
whom it was granted in 1781. The 
village is just at the lower end of 
Crystal Lake, whose surplus waters 
are used for various mills. 

Some of the older inhabitants of 
Barton were eye-witnesses of the dis¬ 
aster at Long Pond, in 1810. At that 
time there were two ponds, about 7 
miles southwest of Barton, one of 
which discharged its waters through 
the Lamoille River into Lake Cham¬ 
plain, and the other through Barton 
River into Lake “Magog.” The in¬ 
habitants wished to have a greater 
supply of water in Barton River dur¬ 
ing the summer months, and, accord¬ 
ingly, turned out en masse to dig a 
channel from Long to Mud Pond, 
which latter was the source of Barton 
River. The result was most unex¬ 
pected and fearful, for as soon as the 



work was completed, the waters of 
Long Pond, with astonishing rapidity, 
washed out a deeper channel, and, 
hardly giving the spectators time to 
escape, the whole pond emptied itself 
into Mud Pond, which was at once 
filled to overflowing, and the combined 
floods rushed on down the valley, de¬ 
stroying property and houses to a 
great amount; but, fortunately, not 
finding any human victims until the 
deeper and broader waters of Lake 
“ Magog ” received the freshet. The 
stage-road from Barton to Montpelier 
passes through the bed of what is now 
known as “Runaway Pond.” 

BARTON LANDING. 

Barton, Orleans Co., Vt. 

239 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby , 15 
Stages to Irasburg. 

This place is said to derive its name 
from having been, in former years, the 
landing place for smugglers, when 
running goods over from Canada, 
the river being navigable for small 
boats to this point. Beyond this sta¬ 
tion, the railroad passes for some dis¬ 
tance through woods, and then comes 
out on the upper end of Lake Mem- 
phremagog, which is here hardly more 
than a stream of quiet water. 

COVENTRY. 

Coventry, Orleans Co., Vt. 

244 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 10 
The original settlers of this town 
came from Coventry, Conn. The 
principal streams are the Barton and 
Black Rivers, which run northward 
into Lake Memphremagog, and fur¬ 


nish water-power for saw and grist¬ 
mills, sash and blind factories, and 
starch works. 

Black River has falls near its 
mouth. 

NEWPORT. 

Newport, Orleans Co., Vt. 

249 tn. fr. Boston. 

Fr. North Derby, 5 

Hotel —Memphremagog House. 

Stages daily to North and South 

Troy. Tri-weekly to Charleston. 

Newport is beautifully situated on 
a gently sloping hillside, near the 
southern end of Lake Memphrema¬ 
gog, and at one of the pleasantest 
parts of the whole lake. The “ Mera- 
phremagog House,” kept by Mr. L. 
Buck, is by the side of the track, and, 
in fact, contains the station. It is an 
excellent hotel, and its piazzas com¬ 
mand an unsurpassed view of the 
lake and mountains. Here is the 
best place for the traveler to make his 
headquarters while in the vicinity of 
the lake, as all the places of interest 
can readily be reached either by land 
or water, while the accommodations 
afforded are the best to be found in 
the neighborhood. 

Newport was, for several years, the 
terminus of the Connecticut and Pas- 
sumpsic Rivers Railway, which made 
it the market-town of all the region 
round about. 

The visitor should ascend Prospect 
Hill, which is only a few minutes* 
walk from the hotel. From thence he 
will obtain an excellent general idea 
of the lake and its surroundings. 
Pickerel Point and Newport lie close 
at hand in the view, and the lake 
stretches beyond, bordered on its 




\ 


west side by a noble range of hills, 
while on the east side the country is 
dotted with farm-houses, and alter¬ 
nate fields and woods, as far as the 
eye can reach, until the hoo-izon is 
broken by the distant blue line of 
Mount Orford, and the Canadian 
hills. On a large bulletin-board, in 
the office of the hotel, is a list of the 
interesting localities to be visited, with 
their distances from the Memphrem- 
agog House. Among these are Jay 
Peak, Owl’s Head, Bear Mountain, 
Black River Falls, and various islands 
and places of interest along the lake 
shore. 

The facilities for sailing and fishing 
on the lake are unsurpassed, and the 
new iron steamer, “ The Lady of the 
Lake,” commanded by Captain Fogg, 
makes regular trips to Magog, at the 
northern extremity of the lake. 


NORTH DERBY. 

North Derby, Orleans Co., Vt. 

254 m. fr. Boston. 

Stages connecting with St. Law¬ 
rence steamers, and with trains 
of Grand Trunk Railway. 

This village is on the Canada line, 
and will, probably, grow in impor¬ 
tance and prosperity on the comple¬ 
tion of the Massawippi Valley Rail¬ 
way (now under contract). The vil¬ 
lage is in the midst of a rich and pro¬ 
ductive farming region, admirably 
adapted for the raising of stock of all 
kinds. This railway is to connect 
with the Grand Trunk Railway at 
Lennoxville, making a through lii>*» 
to Quebec, shorter than any at pres* 
ent in operation. 





6 o 


LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG. 

Lake Memphremagog, or “ Magog,” as it is called by the 
neighboring inhabitants, has been a popular place of resort for 
many years and was well known even before the railway was 
built. Increased facilities of travel and excellent hotel accommo¬ 
dations have combined to render the lake a very attractive place 
of sojourn for tourists and pleasure-seekers. 

The lake is 30 miles long and averages about 2 miles in 
width. It extends in a curve following the mountain range from 
Coventry , Vt., to Magogs Canada. About one-third of the 
lake is in Vermont. 

The iron steamer “ Lady of the Lake” Capt. Fogg , makes 
daily trips down the lake and back, leaving Newport at 7.15 A.M., 
and returning in time for supper. . As almost every one who re¬ 
mains a few days at Newport desires to take this excursion, we 
will indicate some of the principal points of interest as seen from 
the steamer, so that they can be recognized by the stranger. As 
the boat leaves her wharf at Newport and heads down the lake, 
the nearest prominent hill on the left is Bear Mountain. Be¬ 
yond and over is the ragged summit of Owl's Head. The point 
on the right is Indian Point; the two coves on the left are 
Adams Bay and Potton Bay. On passing Indian Point, two 
islands will be seen ahead. These are known as The Twin Sis¬ 
ters ; between them may be seen the village of Stanstead , in 
Canada ; the large island further down the lake is Province Island ; 
it contains about 100 acres of excellent land, and is cultivated as 
a farm by its owner, a Bostonian, whose house may be seen on 
the island. Near this island, and crossing one end of it, is the 
Canada Line. An iron post, visible from the steamer, marks 
the boundary, and a clearing which extends up the mountain, 
shows its direction. The small wooded island near the eastern 


I 


fil 

shore of the lake, is Tea Table Island ; the village on the shore 
to the northward, is Cedarville. Near the mouth of Fitch's Bay, 
which extends inland in an easterly direction, is an island which 
contains a quarry of excellent oil-stone. 

Owls Head is now the most prominent object in sight, rising 
precipitously to a height of 3,000 feet, on the west side of the lake. 
The Mountain House , a first-class hotel, stands near its foot, and 
close by is a little wharf, at which the steamer makes regular 
landings. Persons wishing to ascend the mountain or to enjoy 
the best fishing on the lake, will do well to stop a few days at 
this retired and charming spot. The mountain is ascended on 
foot, the path winding through wild and beautiful forest scenery, 
and the view from the summit is well worth the labor of the ascent. 
On the 24 th of June, the Freemasons of Stanstead hold an an¬ 
nual “ lodge,” in one of the ravines near the top of the mountain. 
Their mystic symbols are painted on a rock to mark the place. 

The Liliputian island, across the lake from Owl’s Head, is 
Minnow Island; further to the north and east is Skinner's Island, 
which contains a deep cave, formerly used as a hiding-place by 
one Uriah Skinner, a famous smuggler. The cave, after serving 
the bold smuggler during his life, was his resting-place in death, 
and some years after his mysterious disappearance, his bones were 
found by a casual fisherman, whitening in the depths of the cave. 
Beyond Skinner’s is a rock-bound island named Long Island ; on 
its southern shore, visible from the steamer, is Balance Rock, a 
large fragment of granite, poised on an angle, in a peculiar man¬ 
ner, which can only be well seen by a closer inspection. Still 
further north is Molson's Island, bearing its owner’s name. 
Along the eastern shore may be seen the summer residences of 
wealthy citizens of Montreal. The chief elevation on the west 
shore, near this point, is Mount Elephantis , near whose top is 
a beautiful little lake abounding in brook trout. The next land¬ 
ing is Georgeville , whence the boat crosses the lake to Know! 
ton's Landing, where passengers for Montreal leave the steamer 
and take stages to Waterloo (20 miles distant), the terminus of 
the Stanstead, Shefford, and Chambly Railway . The rocky 
promontory north of Knowlton is Gibraltar Point . 


62 

No other regular landing is made until wc reach Magog , at the 
lower end of the lake. The scenery to the end is undiminished 
in beauty, and the view of Mount Oxford , 3,300 feet high, adds 
greatly to the interest of the scene. 

Stages run from Magog to Sherbrook, 16 miles, thence con¬ 
necting with the Grand Trunk Railway to Quebec. 

The trip up the lake to Newport in the afternoon surpasses, 
if possible, the morning’s voyage to Magog. The declining sun 
casts broad shadows over the lake and lights up the mountain 
tops with its last rays, touching them with such delicate tints of 
purple and gold as are only seen at the “ magic hour of sun¬ 
set.” 

The boat usually reaches Newport in time for supper, and if 
desired, the evening train may be taken to White River Junc¬ 
tion. 

CONNECTIONS. 

At Wiers, with steamboat “ Lady of the Lake for Centre 
Harbor and Wolfboro’, on arrival of each train. 

At Plymouth , with stages for Franconia Notch. 

At Wells' River connects with the “ Connecticut and Pas- 
sumpsic Rivers Railroad,” for Newport and Lake Memphrema- 
g°g- 



63 


Vermont Central, and Vermont 
and Canada Railway. 

White River Junction , Vt. t to Montreal , 184 miles. 

This railway has for many years formed the most important 
channel of travel and commerce between New England and Can¬ 
ada. It was opened to Montpelier, the capital of Vermont, in 
1849, and was completed to Burlington, the chief city of the State 
in 1850. In 1852 the connection through to Montreal via Rouse’s 
Point was made, and in 1862 the present route via St. John’s 
was finished, making the most easy and direct communication be¬ 
tween the capital of New England and that of Canada. The 
whole country between White River Junction and Richmond, a 
distance of 80 miles, is such as delights the heart of a railway en¬ 
gineer, affording as it does the most formidable obstacles to stim¬ 
ulate the exercise of ingenuity and skill. No one who has the 
least appreciation of nature can fail to find this trip a most inter¬ 
esting one. Immediately after leaving the junction, the track 
approaches the bank of White River, and only leaves it at short 
intervals until the stream is reduced to a mountain brook. The 
remarkable purity and sparkling properties of the White River 
water must be seen to be appreciated, and the endless variety of 
its falls, rapids, shallows, and pools are a source of never-failing 
interest. The mountains, too, constantly claim our admiration. 
The road passes across the Vermont chain of the Green Moun¬ 
tains, which gradually rise from the moderate hills along the Con¬ 
necticut valley, to such bald-headed patriarchs as Mansfield and 
CamePs Hump , reaching 4,000 feet and more into the air, and 
overlooking everything between Mount Washington in New 
Hampshire, and Tahawus among the Adirondacks. The geo- 


logical formation is calcareous or limestone, containing valuable 
beds of slate, and in the higher hills and on the Champlain slope 
of the mountains showing marble of greater or less value. The 
chief marble quarries of Vermont lie to the southward and west¬ 
ward of this road. 

After passing the mountains the road follows the Winooshi 
River nearly to its mouth, and thence northward along the east 
shore of Lake Champlain through a generally level country, to 
Rouse’s Point or Montreal, according to the destination of the 
traveler. 

CONNECTIONS. 

At White River Jtinction the Vermont Ce?itral Railway con¬ 
nects with the Northern Railway of Ne^o Hampshire ; the Con¬ 
necticut River line of railways, to Springfield, Hartford, New 
Haven, New York, etc. ; the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers 
Railway (see page 51), to the White Mountains, via Littleton 
and to Lake Memphremagog. 


6 5 

WHITE RIVER VILLAGE. 

Hartford, Windsor Co., Vt., 

146 m.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr 3 1 , 182 

Immediately after leaving the junc¬ 
tion the railroad track follows the right 
bank of White River, which stream, 
with its constant succession of falls, 
rapids, and placid reaches, is close by 
the side of the track, most of the time, 
for 50 miles. White River Village is 
cn the left bank of the stream in the 
midst of a fine farming district, and 
possessed of valuable water-power. 

WOODSTOCK STATION. 

Hartford, Windsor Co., Vt. 

147 tn.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 181 
Stages to Woodstock and Bridge- 

water. 

Near this station we cross to the left 
bank of White River. The traveler 
will notice from the bridge the beauti¬ 
ful purity of the water below. Al¬ 
though its depth is considerable, the 
pebbles on the bottom can be distinct¬ 
ly seen. It is said that the stream 
derived its name from the great num¬ 
ber of white pebbles which cover its 
bed, and this led the Indians to call it 
“ Kaskadnac ” which has been angli¬ 
cised as White River. Woodstock is 
10 miles south-west from the station, 
but is soon to be reached by a branch 
railway. It is the shire town of Wind¬ 
sor Co. .beautifully located in the valley 
of the Otta Queechee, and contains the 
usual county buildings.This town is the 
birthplace of quite a number of distin¬ 
guished men, among whom may be 
mentioned Hon. Jacob Collamer, who 
was Postmaster-General under Pre¬ 
sident Taylor, and who served for 
many years with great honor as U. S. 
Senator from Vermont, his native 


State ; Hon. Geo. P. Marsh, formerly 
U. S. Minister to the Sublime Porte ; 
and Hiram Powers, the distinguish¬ 
ed sculptor, whose boyhood and youth 
were passed here. The old Powers 
house still stands, and is the oldest in 
the township. 

WEST HARTFORD. 

Hartford, Windsor Co., Vt. 
152 tn.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr 3 1 , 176 
This is a small village near the sta¬ 
tion. It contains some manufacturing 
establishments, and in the vicinity are 
woolen and plaster mills. 

The scenery becomes more and 
more interesting as we advance. The 
track shortly crosses a brook, which 
breaks into a charming fall to be seen 
on the right, and soon after we again 
cross White River on a bridge from 
which a beautiful view may be obtain¬ 
ed. A valley of oblong shape opens 
to the southward, surrounded By pic¬ 
turesque sharp-crested hills, dotted 
with farms, and through the midst 
flow the transparent waters of the 
river, now breaking into foam over 
gray limestone ledges, and now run¬ 
ning swiftly over a smooth pebbly bed 
where every stone glitters in the sun¬ 
shine that dances on the surface of the 
stream. , 

SHARON. 

Sharon, Windsor Co., Vt. 

157 ni.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr 3 /, 171 
The village is on the opposite bank 
of the river. It is the centre of a 
farming region, but has also excellent 
water-power which is improved to 
some extent. The surface of the town 
is broken and hilly. Joseph Smith, 
the founder of the Mormon sect, was 

5 



66 


born here, of w hich fact the towns¬ 
people do not seem to be especially 
proud. The town was plundered by 
Indians in 1780, on the same day with 
the Royalton massacre. Near this 
place another valley, similar to that 
below Sharon, opens along the stream. 
Many brooks “join the brimming 
river ” in this section, and the valleys 
through which they run may be seen 
winding among the green hills on 
either side of the railway. The hills 
soon close in on this scene of beauty, 
but, passing through a narrow cut, we 
soon emerge into a third valley differ¬ 
ing from the other two in its details, 
but like them in its loveliness. Green 
meadows spread out on both sides of 
the river, reaching to the bases of the 
hills which stand as sentinels around 
this quiet nook. The train rushes 
past only too quickly and soon brings 
us to 

SOUTH ROYALTON. 

Royalton, Windsor Co., Vt. 

162 nt.fr.Boston. Fr.Moutr'l, 166 
Hotel —South Royalton House. 

This neat and attractive village 
stands on the side of the valley just 
mentioned. A public square is near 
the station, on which front the hotel, 
church, school-house, etc. Leaving 
the station we cross the river on a 
bridge 600 feet long, and again follow 
its right bank. 

ROYALTON. 

Royalton, Windsor Co., Vt. 

164 rt.fr.Boston. Fr.Moutr’l, 164 
Stages daily to E. Bethel, E. Ran¬ 
dolph, and E. Brookfield. 

The village of Royalton is pleasant¬ 
ly situated on the river bank, sur¬ 


rounded by fertile fields and green 
sloping hills, where luxuriant crops at¬ 
test the productive nature of the soil. 
The town was settled m 1770, and ten 
years later was laid in ashes by a war 
party of Indians. The surprise was 
complete and no resistance seems to 
have been made to the hostile savages, 
who murdered many of the inhabitants, 
carried others into captivity, and for 
the time broke up the settlement. 

BETHEL. 

Bethel, Windsor Co., Vt. 

169 m.fr.Boston. Fr.Moutr'l, 159 
Stages daily to Barnard, Woodstock, 
Stockbridge, and Rochester. 

This village is in a narrow valley, 
encircled by high and steep hills. It 
is a busy place, containing good wa¬ 
ter-power and various factories. Leav¬ 
ing the station the railroad soon 
crosses the river, which has now di¬ 
minished considerably in size since we 
first made its acquaintance, but still 
preserves the wonderful clearness 
which was at first noticed. Soon after 
crossing a brook two or three miles 
from Bethel a curious hill may be ob¬ 
served rising abruptly from a level 
meadow on the right of the track. It 
looks as if the soil surrounding it had 
been poured in a liquid state into the 
valley, so sharply do the sides of the 
hill rise from the level turf. 

RANDOLPH. 

Randolph, Orange Co., Vt. 

176 m. fr. Boston. Fr. Motif l, 152 
Stages for Randolph Centre, Brook - 
feld, and Chelsea Cottage Hotel. 
The stranger is surprised, on near¬ 
ing this village,at the evidences of pros- 








6 7 

perity and industry which are every¬ 
where visible. The main street, which 
crosses the railroad at the station, is 
lined with stores, and signs of activi¬ 
ty and traffic are manifest on all sides. 
The surface of the country in the vi¬ 
cinity of Randolph is elevated, but 
less broken than much of the surround¬ 
ing territory. At Randolph Centre, 
three miles north of the station, is the 
Orange County Grammar School, 
established in 1806. 

Soon after leaving the station with 
its long and heavy freight trains on 
their way east, we come in sight of the 
higher summits of the Green Moun¬ 
tains. The hillsides become more 
rugged, and rocks showing a vertical 
stratification lift their frowning preci¬ 
pices over the green fields at their 
base. 

BRAINTREE, 

Braintree , Orange Co., Vt. 

182 m./r. Boston. Fr. Monfl, 146 
A few houses, with a row of brick 
charcoal pits, compose this village, 
which is surrounded by rough wild¬ 
looking mountains, contrasting strong 
ly with the swelling hills and cultivated 
valleys through which we have been 
passing. There are, however, some 
meadows along the river which afford 
fair farming lands. 

ROXBURY. 

Roxbury, Washington Co., Vt. 

191 m. fr. Boston . Fr. Monfl, 137 
The factory on the left is for the 
manufacture of watches. A quarry of 
verd-antique marble exists near this 
station which, it is said, cannot be dis¬ 
tinguished from the true verd-antique 
from Oriental mines. 


The railroad here crosses the sum¬ 
mit pass of the Green Mountains, at 
an elevation of 1,000 feet above the 
sea, and, leaving the head-waters of 
White River, which for nearly 50 
miles has been such lively and fasci¬ 
nating company, strikes the source of 
Dog River, a tributary of Lake Cham¬ 
plain. 

A little west of the station we cross 
a long bridge 70 feet above the stream 
which flows beneath it, and begin our 
descent towards Lake Champlain. 

NORTHFIELD. 

Northfield, Washington Co., Vt. 
198 m./r. Boston. Fr. Monfl, 136 
Hotel —Northfield House . 

Two ranges of bold hills, one on 
each side of Dog River, render the 
surface of Northfield very uneven. 
In the narrow valley between these 
hills is the village. Near the station 
are the old railway machine shops. 
New ones have recently been built at 
St. Albans, and at present the North- 
field shops are used in making repairs. 
Several slate quarries will be noticed 
on the hillsides near the track, and 
the geologist will see much to interest 
him in the rock cuttings through which 
the train passes. Many different col¬ 
ored slates may be seen, some of them 
quite light. Much of the colored 
slate so extensively used in roofing is 
quarried in this vicinity. Before 
reaching the station a large brick 
building with a mansard roof may be 
be seen on the hill to the right. This 
is the Vermont Military Institute, 
a popular and largely patronized 
school for boys, where an excellent and 
salutary military discipline is exer¬ 
cised over the scholars, who are like- 



68 


wise thoroughly trained in the usual 
branches of high-school education. 

MONTPELIER JUNCTION. 

Montpelier, Washington Co., Vt. 
208 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. Mont'l, 120 
At this station, which has hardly 
any houses In its immediate neigh¬ 
borhood, a branch railroad diverges 
to 

MONTPELIER. 

Montpelier, Washington Co., Vt. 
209/£ tfi. fr. Boston . Fr. Mont A l, 

121 ^. 

Stages to Calais, Hardwick, 
Greensborough, Glover, Barton, 
Plainfield, Marshfield, Cabot, 
Danville, Barre, Orange, and 
Chelsea. 

H otel — Pavilion. 

A ride of a mile and a half through 
the hills brings us out into the valley of 
the Winooski, and to Montpelier, the 
capital of Vermont. The village, con¬ 
taining a population of about 3,500, is 
beautifully situated at the junction of 
the Winooski River with its north 
branch. It is surrounded by a hilly, 
but highly cultivated region, and is 
the active centre of a rich farming and 
grazing country. The town was first 
settled in 1787, and has been the cap¬ 
ital of the State since 1805. 

The Capitol building is of granite, 
and is built upon the site of the first 
building, which was burned in 1857. 
The present edifice is cruciform in its 
general plan, 176 feet long, and sur¬ 
mounted by a dome 124 feet high. In 
the portico, surrounded by Doric col¬ 
umns, stands a marble statue of 
Ethan Allen, of whose fame Ver¬ 
mont is so justly proud. In the State 
House may be seen the regimental 


flags which were borne by Vermont 
regiments during the civil war. Most 
of them show signs of having been of¬ 
ten under fire, and many bear long 
lists of the battles through which they 
were carried. The geological and 
historical rooms are especially inter¬ 
esting in specimens of the mineral 
wealth which is so remarkable a feature 
of Vermont. There is also a large and 
well-selected public library. 

The Winooski River is here spanned 
by a fine stone bridge of great strength 
and durability. 

Several newspapers are published 
in the town, and it contains two banks 
and three insurance offices. 

The Winooski and its tributaries 
furnish abundant water-power, which 
is employed in driving the machinery 
of lumber mills, carriage factories, 
large flouring mills, and other smaller 
manufacturing establishments. 

From the hills abound Montpelier, 
beautiful views of the village and of 
the Winooski Valley may be obtained, 
and the neighboring country is inter¬ 
sected by roads leading on all sides 
through scenery as rich and varied as 
ever delighted the eye. 

MIDDLESEX. 

Middlesex, Washington Co., Vt. 
212 nt.fr.Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 161 
Stages to Moretown, Whitfield, 
and Warren. 

Soon after leaving the junction, the 
railroad enters the valley of the Wi¬ 
nooski, a few miles below Montpelier. 
This river has a euphonious Indian 
name, which, unfortunately, signifies 
onions in English ; consequently the 
inhabitants translate musical but un¬ 
civilized “Winooski” into its Ameri- 




69 


con equivalent, and call this beauti¬ 
ful stream Onion Rwcr, against 
which we desire to enter our solemn 
protest. Before reaching Middlesex 
Station the river, now on the left, falls 
over a series of rocky ledges be¬ 
fore plunging into Middlesex Nar¬ 
rows, a canon about a quarter of a 
mile in length and 30 feet in depth, 
which has been worn in the slaty rock 
by the action of the river. Canters 
Hump may be seen for a moment 
on the left, before reaching the sta¬ 
tion. Middlesex is a small village, 
with fine meadows in its vicinity. 

WATER3UEY. 

Waterbury, Washington Co., Vt. 
217 nt.fr.Boston. Fr.MontPl, 111 
Stages to Stowe, Aft. Mansfield, 
Hyde Park, and Craftsbury. 

Hotel —Waterbury Hotel. 

Waterbury is a good-sized village, 
pleasantly situated on a plateau, 
through which the railway passes. 
Camel’s Hump looks over the inter¬ 
vening ridges, as we near the station, 
and assumes an almost human ex¬ 
pression, having the outline of a fore¬ 
head and nose. The Waterbury Ho¬ 
tel is near the station, and has ample 
accommodations for a large number 
of guests. Waterbury is so attractive 
in its situation and surroundings, that 
many summer tourists make it their 
headquarters. Mt. Mansfield and 
Camel's Hump, the highest of the 
Green Mountain peaks, are within 
easy riding distance, and the whole 
vicinity is rich with the characteristic 
scenery of Vermont. 

MOUNT MANSFIELD 
Is the principal attraction of this re¬ 


gion, and is most conveniently reached 
from Stowe, 10 miles north of Water¬ 
bury. It is almost superfluous to say 
that the drive to Stowe is one of great 
beauty, through the hills and valleys 
of this enchanting region. Stowe is 
8 miles from the summit of Mt. Mans¬ 
field, which lifts its noble outline in 
full view of the Mansfield House. 
This house was opened to the public 
in 1865, and sustains an excellent 
reputation. It can accommodate 
over 300 guests; and being the cen¬ 
tral point of a most romantic and 
beautiful region, is a great favorite 
with summer visitors. Mt. Mans¬ 
field is reached by stages, which leave 
the hotel as often as may be necessary, 
carrying their loads nearly to the 
summit of the mountain. The road, 
soon after reaching the base of the 
mountain, is overshadowed by trees 
so that no extensive view is obtained 
until the Half-way House, with its 
ice-cold spring, is reached. From 
this point the ascent has heretofore 
been made on foot or horseback ; but 
a turnpike is under construction for 
the entire remainder of the distance, 
and expected to be completed to the 
Summit House for use during the 
summer of 1869. 

The most attractive view is obtained 
from that portion of the mountain 
known as the “ Nose,” which is a 
short distance from the Summit 
House. This peak is 4,000 feet high, 
and the view from its top is one not 
easily forgotten. Description for one 
on the spot is futile ; but it may add 
to the interest if a few of the more 
notable features are indicated, so that 
they can be recognized by the stran¬ 
ger. Northward may be seen the 
wide valley of the St. Lawrence, with 



the waters of the river visible at inter¬ 
vals. A little to the west of north is 
Mt. Royal, with the tin roofs of Mon¬ 
treal glittering in the sun at its base. 
Almost due north is the sharp blue 
summit of Jay Peak, and to the right 
of it Owl’s Head and the range of 
hills bordering the west shore of Lake 
Memphremagog. Further to the 
right are the Willoughby Mountains. 
The view to the westward is filled by 
the Champlain Valley, bounded by 
the Adirondack Mountains beyond. 
Lake Champlain may be seen almost 
from Whitehall to Rouse’s Point, and 
forms a most beautiful item of the 
landscape. Southward are Killing- 
ton Peak, Ascutney, and, compara¬ 
tively near-by, Camel’s Hump. In 
this direction the Green Mountain 
range breaks the horizon with its mul¬ 
titude of rounded summits. East¬ 
ward are the White Mountains, sixty 
miles distant. The Chin is the high¬ 
est peak of the mountain, being a lit¬ 
tle less than 400 feet higher than the 
Nose. The view from its top is sub¬ 
stantially the same as that from the 
other and most frequently visited 
peak. The Summit House is fitted 
to receive about 100 guests, and is 
largely patronized during the summer 
months. 

From Stowe, which is a charming 
summer residence, many interesting 
excursions may be made to neighbor¬ 
ing celebrities, among which are 
Smugglers’ Notch, a deep, narrow, 
and exceedingly wild gorge near Mt. 
Mansfield, Bingham's Falls, Moss 
Grlen Falls, and many other romantic 
and interesting places, all within a ra¬ 
dius of 10 miles from the Mansfield 
House. 


RIDLEY’S STATION. 

Bolton, Chittenden Co., Vt. 

222 m. fr.Boston. Fr.MontFl, 106 

This station is in a wild region, but 
thinly inhabited. Just before reach¬ 
ing the station, a wild and rocky 
scene opens to the northward. It is 
best seen while going towards Water- 
bury, rather than from it. This place 
is known as Bolton Falls. The wagon 
road from Waterbury to Bolton passes 
near-by, and furnishes a favorite drive 
for those who are fortunate enough to 
spend any time in the vicinity. 

Beyond Ridlfcy’s a constant succes¬ 
sion of river pictures may be seen on 
the south side of the track, while 
ranges of wild and picturesque rocks 
rear themselves on the northern side. 

The tourist wishing to visit Camel's 
Hump can reach it most conveniently 
from this station, where teams may be 
procured which will take him 3 miles 
up the mountain, to the end of the 
wagon road, beyond which point the 
ascent is made on foot or horseback. 
About a mile from the summit is a 
house where visitors can obtain shel¬ 
ter and refreshment. The house is a 
comparatively small one, and not cal¬ 
culated for permanent lodgers. The 
view from Camel’s Hump is similar to 
that from Mt. Mansfield. Its height 
is 4,083 feet. 

BOLTON. 

Bolton, Chittenden Co., Vt. 

225 nt.fr.Boston. Fr.Monir'l, 103 
Hotel —Bolton House. 

Surrounded by high hills and tow¬ 
ering precipices, Bolton is pretty 
much shut off from the rest of the 
world. Mount Mansfield looks over 




the shoulders of intervening hills into 
the nook where the village nestles, 
with its church and white houses, and 
a clear brook falls into the Winooski 
near the station. A new road is to be 
cut from this station to Camel’s 
Hump. 

JONES’ STATION. 

Richmond, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
228 m./r .Boston. Fr.Montr'l, 100 
Stages daily to Huntington, Har¬ 
risburg, and Underhill Centre. 

The scenery continues to be wild 
and interesting to the lover of nature. 
As the train nears the station, a fine 
waterfall may be seen dashing down 
the rocks on the right. 

The village is, like all its neighbors, 
surrounded by lofty hills and wild 
rocks, among which are numberless 
gems of picturesque beauty. 

RICHMOND. 

Richmond, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
231 m./r. Boston. Fr. Montdl, 97 

Stages to Huntington. 

Hotel —Richmond Hotel. 

As the railway approaches Rich¬ 
mond the country becomes more open, 
and is evidently richer in agricultural 
products than the narrow though fer¬ 
tile valleys through which we passed 
among the hills. Neat farm-houses, 
with large and handsome outbuild¬ 
ings, are frequently passed, numer¬ 
ous cattle graze on the hillsides, and 
the village itself, which can be over¬ 
looked from the car windows, is mani- 
fesdy a busy and thriving place. 
Next to St. Alban’s, it sends to the 


Boston market the largest quantity of 
butter and cheese of any town in the 
State. The Winooski flows near the 
village. The queerly-shaped polyg¬ 
onal wooden building, near the cen¬ 
tre of the village, is the property of 
the town, and is rented for lectures, 
etc. It was originally built for a 
church. The village contains a fine 
modern school-house, several church¬ 
es and a Masonic Hall. 

The town lies just where the Wi¬ 
nooski Valley opens into that of Lake 
Champlain, and combines in a most 
attractive manner the beauties of 
mountain and meadow. Leaving the 
station, the track crosses the Winooski 
on a bridge 6oo feet long. 

WILLISTON 

Williston, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
236 m./r. Boston. Fr. Montdl, 92 

As the railway leaves the moun¬ 
tains, the view becomes more extend¬ 
ed ; and from the northern or right- 
hand side of the car the noble out¬ 
lines of rounded summits can be seen, 
while on the opposite side the distant 
Adirondacks soon come in sight, be¬ 
yond Lake Champlain. Williston is 
a farming town for the most part; 
but is, to some extent, engaged in 
manufacturing. It has a cheese fac¬ 
tory, saw-mills, etc. Beyond the sta¬ 
tion we again cross the Winooski, 
and from the bridge obtain a full view 
of Mt. Mansfield and Camel’s Hump. 
These two mountains are in sight, at 
intervals, for many miles on this por¬ 
tion of the railway, and the rather iil- 
proportioned human profile of Mt. 
Mansfield may be seen to the best ad¬ 
vantage. 



72 


ESSEX JUNCTION. 

Colchester, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
239 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montdl, 89 . 
Stages to Jericho, Underhill, Mt. 
Mansfield, and Cambridge. 


Hotel —Junction House. 

This village is situated on an arid, 
sandy plain, and is chiefly inhabited 
by employes of the railway. 

The Essex Branch, to Burlington, 
Vt., diverges here. 


Route to Montreal, continued, page 75. 


Essex Branch Railway. 

Essex Junction to Burlington , 8 miles. 

This branch follows the general course of the Winooski, cross¬ 
ing it several times, and affording fine views of the falls and rap¬ 
ids which abound in this part of the river. 


WINOOSKI. 

Burlington, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
245 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 95 

Winooski Falls have some celebrity 
as one of the curiosities of the neigh¬ 
borhood, and are often visited by 
tourists stopping at Burlington. The 
village is near the falls, whose water¬ 
power serves to turn the machinery of 
manufactories and saw-mills. 

South of Winooski, on a hill, may 
be seen the granite column which 
stands over the grave of Ethan Allen. 

The tunnel, which is entered soon 
after leaving Winooski, is excavated 
in dry sand, which constantly threat¬ 
ened to cave in and bury the work¬ 
men engaged upon it. This difficulty 
was overcome by driving long stakes, 
side by side, into the sand, in the 
form of an arch. Under these an 
arch of masonry was built. The 
stakes were then driven farther in, 


and the process repeated, until the 
tunnel was finished. Emerging from 
the tunnel, we find ourselves on the 
shore of Lake Champlain, and in the 
suburbs of Burlington. 

BURLINGTON. 

Burlington, Chittenden Co., Vt. 
247 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montdl, 97 
Hotels —American Hotel, Lake 
House, Central Hotel. 

Burlington was incorporated as a 
city in 1S66. It is delightfully situated 
on a hill which rises from the lake 
shore, and commands a wide view of 
water and landscape. The city has a 
population of about 10,000. It has 
two daily and two weekly papers ; two 
banks, having an aggregate capital of 
$700,000; cotton, flour, and rolling 
mills, machine-shops, and a furniture 
factory. Its heaviest business is iu 
lumber, large quantities of which are 





73 


brought from Canada, and from along 
the lake shores, and are shipped Ly 
rail to various markets. 

In the centre of the city is a largt 
public square, containing a fountain 
and shade trees. Near by are the 
custom-house, city and county build¬ 
ings, banks, and other business offices. 

The University of Vermont stands 
on the crest of the hill, overlooking the 
city. From the dome of the chief build¬ 
ing an extensive and very beautiful 
view may be obtained, including the 
ranges of the Adirondack and Green 
Mountains, while Lake Champlain, 
with its bays and islands, stretches 
north and south as far as the eye can 
reach. The large island in front of 
Burlington is Juniper Island. To 
the south of this may be seen Rock 
Dundcr, which is said to have excited 
the suspicions of the British Commo¬ 
dore, while cruising here during the 
war with England, to such an extent 
that he opened fire upon it. Colonel 
Ethan Allen, the gallant Vermonter, 
who with his' Green Mountain Boys 
rendered such good service during the 
Revolution, was often in Burlington 
while living, and now lies in the Green 
Mountain Cemetery, near the city, 
where a granite monument has been 
erected by the State to perpetuate his 


memory. John G. Saxe, the well- 
known author of poetry and prose, 
has resided in Burlington for many 
years. In the country surrounding 
the city are many romantic drives and 
walks ; those leading along the IVi- 
nooski River are, perhaps, the most 
attractive. 

The traveler should be particular in 
distinguishing between the depot of 
the Burlington and Rutland Rail¬ 
way and that of the Vermont Cen¬ 
tral, both of which railroads meet 
here. Travelers are sometimes left 
behind, in consequence of not under¬ 
standing from which depot the train 
starts. 

The steamboat wharf is close be¬ 
side the railroad station, and here the 
traveler takes the boat for Plattsburg, 
N. Y., and the Adirondack Moun¬ 
tains, crossing the lake late in the 
afternoon, when the surroundings of 
mountain and water are more beauti¬ 
ful than at any other time of the day. 
Here, also, one may take steamer up 
the lake for Essex, Westport, Port 
Henry, Crown Point, Ticonderoga, 
Lake George, and Whitehall. The 
trip from Burlington to the upper end 
of Lake George is one of the most de¬ 
lightful pleasure routes on the conti¬ 
nent. 


COLCHESTER. 

Colchester, Chitte?iden Co., Vt. 
2 TT m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr 3 1 , 84 
The main village is half a mile west 
of the station, and the spire of its 
church may be seen over the hill in 


that direction. The railway continues 
in sight of the Green Mountains, con¬ 
stantly-changing views of which are 
to be seen on the one hand, while on 
the other Lake Champlain, with its 
islands and the Adirondacks beyond, 
is frequently in sight. 





MILTON. 

Milton, Chittenden Co., Vt. 

251 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 77 
This prosperous village is situated on 
the Lamoille River. It has a popula¬ 
tion of about 2,000, and is engaged in 
the lumber business to a considerable 
extent. The Great Falls of the La¬ 
moille are within an easy walk from 
the railway, and are worthy of a visit, 
though somewhat disfigured by the 
“ improvements ” made for the pur¬ 
pose of controlling the water-power. 
The village, with its churches and 
dwellings, may be seen near the sta¬ 
tion, on the left. 

GEORGIA. 

Georgia, Franklin Co., Vt. 

255 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 73 
Stages to Fairfax and Fletcher. 
The New Hampton Baptist Insti¬ 
tution is situated at this village. The 
railway soon crosses the Lamoille 
' River, on a bridge which spans the 
stream at a giddy height. Curious 
honey-combed rocks form the sides oi 
the stream, which is divided by an 
island just below the bridge. 

ST. ALBAN S. 

St. Aldan's, Franklin Co., Vt. 
265 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 63 
Hotel — Welden House. 

Stages to Fairfield, Bakersfield, 
Sheldon, Enosburg, Berkshire, 
Richford, and Troy. 

St. Alban’s, the shire town of Frank¬ 
lin County, is built upon a gently 
sloping hill overlooking Lake Cham¬ 
plain, two miles distant. The lower 
part of the town, in the vicinity of the 


74 

railway station, is level; but the land 
soon rises, and the principal business 
street, with the pleasantest part of the 
town, is on the hillside. Situated m 
the midst of an unsurpassed grazing 
country, St. Alban’s is noted for its 
butter and cheese. Three hundred 
carloads of these two commodities are 
yearly shipped to the markets of Bos¬ 
ton. Tuesday is the market day, and 
at that time large amounts of money 
are paid to the farmers by agents 
from Boston provision merchants. It 
is said that $60,000 has been thus 
paid over in a single day. 

St. Alban’s Bay, on Lake Cham¬ 
plain, was, prior to the building of the 
railroad, the business centre of the 
town, but it is now of comparatively 
little importance. 

The streets of the town are, for the 
most part, straight and well graded. 
The public square, containing four 
acres, is an ornamental ground, laid 
out with walks and planted with 
shade-trees. Around it are the prin¬ 
cipal buildings of the town, including 
3 churches, the Court-House, the 
High School, and the Welden House. 
This hotel is a large, well-constructed 
building, and is fitted with every con¬ 
venience to be found in any of our 
first-class houses. The heavy money 
transactions mentioned above have 
made the town the centre of banking 
business for the surrounding region, 
and three prosperous banks are in 
active operation. The money in the 
vaults of these institutions brought 
down upon the unsuspecting citizens 
the famous raid of October 19th, 
1864. The war was then at its height, 
and, doubtless, on the morning ot 
that eventful day, many a St. Alba¬ 
nian read in his morning paper of 




75 


doings at the front, little thinking that 
his balance at the bank was destined, 
in a few hours, to be in the pocket of 
a rebel, mounted on a fleet Vermont 
horse, and crossing the Canada line. 
About 3 o’clock on the day mentioned, 
a squad of armed men appeared in 
the public square. Whence they 
came from, no one could tell ; but 
their plans were evidently laid with 
care, for parties of three or four at 
once entered the banks, and presented 
orders which were cashed at sight, 
without the usual identification being 
insisted upon by the bank officials. 
About $200,000 was thus obtained. 
Collateral security was furnished in 
the persons of cashiers and treasurers, 
who were locked up in the vaults for 
safe-keeping. Meanwhile the re¬ 
mainder of the raiders were busy in 
selecting the best horses they could 
lay hands on, and in quarantining any 
citizens who happened to be passing 
at the time, so as to prevent resist¬ 
ance. All this was accomplished in 
a few minutes, and the rebels gal¬ 
loped off towards Canada with their 
spoils. Three citizens were wounded 
by the raiders, one of whom subse¬ 
quently died. A party was speedily 
organized and on the trail of the reb¬ 
els, who were pursued into Canada, 
and there some of them were arrested. 
About $90,000 was recovered by the 
Canadian authorities and returned to 
the St. Alban’s banks. 

All who have visited St. Albans 
have heard of the magnificent view 
from Aldis Hill, an elevation near 
the town. It is, in truth, a very love¬ 
ly prospect, commanding the ranges 
of the Adirondack and Green Moun¬ 
tains, and a wide stretch of Lake 
Champlain. At the hour of sunset. 


on a calm evening, the beauty of the 
scene from this hill is well-nigh 
matchless. The general offices of the 
Vermont Central Railway are at St. 
Alban’s, and the arrangements of the 
station and offices adjoining are well 
worth inspection. The passenger 
house is 300 feet long, and contains 
four tracks. Its broad platforms, 
convenient waiting-rooms and ticket 
offices, are worthy of admiration. An 
extensive wing—if it may so be called 
—adjoining the passenger house, con¬ 
tains the general offices. This build¬ 
ing is most conveniently and elegantly 
arranged and furnished. It contains 
a reading-room, where all the leading 
periodicals and newspapers are kept 
for the use of officers and employes. 
As one walks through the spacious 
halls and rooms devoted to the va¬ 
rious branches of railway business, 
he cannot but be impressed by the 
liberal policy which authorizes such 
complete arrangements. 

MISSISQTJOI SPRINGS. 

Franklin Co., Vt. 

Hotel —Missisquoi Springs. 

This group of springs is about ten 
miles in a northeasterly direction from 
St. Alban’s, w-hich, at present, is the 
nearest point of railroad communica¬ 
tion. A railroad, it is expected, will 
be built during this year direct to the 
Springs. Stages run to and from the 
Springs on the arrival and departure 
of every railroad train at St. Alban’s. 
There are thirteen of these springs, 
all located within the space of an 
acre of land, and possessed, ap¬ 
parently, of different mineral qualities, 
having distinctive tastes and colors, 
and, so far as tried, proving unlike in 




their effect. The spring by which so 
many marvellous cures are reported to 
have been made is called “ Missis- 
quoi,” and has been known in the 
neighborhood, for over half a century, 
as affording a remedy for cancer, 
scrofula, cutaneous affections, and the 
various diseases of the kidneys ; even 
the so-called Bright’s disease, it is 
asserted, succumbs to its curative 
properties. 7 ’he Missisquoi Spring 
ranks among the foremost of the heal¬ 
ing waters of the United States. 
Chemists, it is said, have found in it 
ingredients which no other water on 
this continent, yet discovered, is 
known to possess. Thousands throng 
here in the summer, to regain their 
health. A large first-class hotel, 
called the “ Missisquoi Springs Ho¬ 
tel,” has been erected on an eminence 
very near the Springs, and commands 
a fine view of the Adirondacks, 
Mount Mansfield, and the Green 
Mountains. Invalids resorting here 
will find what is so essential to 
their comfort—good fare and proper 
attention. A physician resides at the 
hotel. There are several small hotels 
in the immediate vicinity, where board 
can be obtained at reasonable prices. A 
vast amount of the Missisquoi Spring 
water is shipped daily from the 
springs to all parts of the United 
States and Europe. It requires no 
prophet to foretell that Missisquoi 
Springs is destined to be, if it is not 
already, one of the first watering-places 
in this country. 

SHELDON. 

Franklin Co., Vt. 

Hotel —Central House. 

This is a small village, about three 
miles south of the Missisquoi Springs. 


76 

Stages run from St. Alban’s to this 
place. There are one or two springs 
at or near Sheldon. They have been 
discovered since the Missisquoi 
Springs have become so celebrated ; 
but their medicinal properties have 
not been sufficiently tested to enable 
us to speak with any degree of certain¬ 
ty of their merits. 

EAST SWANTON. 

Swanton, Franklin Co., Vt. 

274 m./r. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 54 
Soon after passing Swanton Junction 
where trains to Rouse’s Point and Og- 
densburg diverge (see page ), we 
reach East Swanton, crossing the 
Missisquoi River before reaching 
the station. The village is of mod¬ 
erate size, and most of the inhab¬ 
itants are farmers. The country is 
gently rolling, but rises into more de¬ 
cided ridges to the eastward. 

HIGHGATE SPRINGS. 

Highgate, Franklin Co., Vt. 

278 m./r. Boston. Fr. Montr'l , 50 
Hotel —Franklin House. 

The country becomes more level as 
we advance to the northward, and the 
range of hills to the eastward becomes 
continually less distinct. The Springs 
at this station are within a few rods of 
the railway, and one is tempted to 
try and taste the waters while the 
train is waiting. The Franklin House 
is an excellent hotel, and the vicinity 
of the Springs makes it very pleasant 
as a summer retreat. 

ST. ARMAND. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
282 m./r. Boston. Fr. Montr'l, 46. 

The Canada line is crossed shortly 
before reaching this station. 








MOORE’S. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
284 nt.fr. Boston. Fr. MontPl ’, 44 
The country has now become quite 
level. Jay Peak and the Memphrema- 
gog Mountains may be seen to the 
eastward. 

STANBRIDGE. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
289 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 39 
A small village, composed for the 
most part of dwelling-houses of a 
Canadian appearance. 

DES RIVIERES. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
292 tn.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 36 
The village is situated on Pike 
River, a small stream affording water¬ 
power for saw-mills below the sta¬ 
tion. 

ST. ALEXANDRE. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
299 tn.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 29 

STANSTEAD, SHEFFORD, 
AND CHAMBLY JUNCTION. 

Iberville Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
305 m.fr. Bostoti. Fr. Montr’l, 23 . 

At this station connections are made 
with the Stanstead, Shefford, and 
Ckantbly Railway, to Waterloo, 43 
miles, distant 20 miles from Lake 
Memph remagog. 

ST JOHN’S. 

St.John’s Parish, Quebec Pr., Can. 
308 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 20 
The railway crosses the Richelieu or i 


Sorel River, just before reaching this 
station. This stream is the outlet of 
Lake Champlain, and falls into the St. 
Lawrence 40 miles below Montreal. 
It is navigable for its whole length, 
with the exception of certain rapids, 
which are passed by means of canals 
and locks. 

LACADIE AND BROSSEAUS. 

La Prairie Parish, Dominion of 
Canada. 

316 tn.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 12 

These are small and unimportant 
villages, the inhabitants of which are 
chiefly farmers, who send the pro¬ 
ducts of their labor to the Montreal 
markets. The former place is on 
Montreal River. 

ST. LAMBERT. 

St. John's Parish, Dominion of 
Canada. 

318 m.fr. Boston. Fr. Montr’l, 2 
This station is opposite Montreal, 
and at the eastern end of Victoria 
Bridge. The railway track under 
which we pass before entering the 
bridge is that of the Grand Trunk 
Railway of Canada. Entering the 
bridge, but little can be seen except¬ 
ing iron plates and braces, until after 
a space of 6 to 10 minutes the train 
emerges from the western end of the 
bridge, and following a descending 
grade soon reaches the level of the 
streets, and in a few minutes enters 
the Montreal Depot. The Victoria 
Bridge is nearly two miles long. It 
is built on the tubular plan, and rests 
on two abutments and 24 piers. It 
cost $6,300,000. 




MONTEEAL. 

Province of Quebec, Canada. 

328 miles from Boston. 

Hotels — St. Lawrence Hall, Ot¬ 
tawa House. 

The chief city of British America 
stands on Montreal Island, at the head 
of natural navigation on the St. Law¬ 
rence River. It was founded in 1640, 
on the site of an Indian village called 
Hochelaga, which was visited by 
French Jesuit missionaries in 1542, 
nearly a hundred years before a per¬ 
manent settlement was made. The 
French held the island until 1760, 
when it was captured by the British, 
and has been held by them ever since. 
The Canadian government was for¬ 
merly established here, but was re¬ 
moved to Quebec in 1849, in conse¬ 
quence of a political mob which burnt 
the parliament houses and library. At 
that time Canada was under the royal 
government, but is now more inde¬ 
pendent and governs herself, with cer¬ 
tain restrictions, under the title of The 
Dominion of Canada. Montreal 
island is thirty-two miles long and 
about ten miles broad. Near the city 
it rises into a considerable elevation 
known as Mount Royal. The soil of 
the island is good, and especially fa¬ 
vorable to the growth of pears and 
apples. 

The city is principally built on the 
level ground between Mt. Royal and 
the river, along which it extends 
nearly three miles. The population 
of the city is about 120,000, and is 
rapidly increasing. On the high 
ground near Mt. Royal are many ele¬ 
gant private residences, and a fashion¬ 
able drive extends around the moun¬ 
tain, bordered by gardens and orna- 


78 

mental enclosures, and affording fine 
views in all directions. The principal 
buildings in Montreal are of gray 
limestone, which is of a delicate neu¬ 
tral tint, very pleasing to the eye. 
The great number of buildings of this 
material gives a more solid look to the 
streets than we are accustomed to in 
the States. Architecturally, many of 
the buildings are very fine, especially 
the new church of the Jesuits. The 
Cathedral of Notre Dame is of great 
size, and well worth visiting. The 
view from one of the towers, in which 
hangs “ Gros Bourdon,” the great 
bell, is very extensive and inte¬ 
resting. Admission may be gain¬ 
ed to the cathedral and tower at al¬ 
most all hours. At certain times in¬ 
teresting services are performed in 
the cathedral, at which the nuns of 
the seminary of St. Sulpice assist. 
The music at these services is very 
fine. Many other fine buildings, pub¬ 
lic and private, may be seen', espe¬ 
cially in Great St. fames and in 
Notre Dame Streets. The stone 
quays of Montreal are an object of 
interest to every one, and ought to 
excite a spirit of emulation in New 
York. The fur-trade of Montreal is 
enormous, and has for many years 
employed millions of capital and thou¬ 
sands of hands. 

Those who are interested in mil¬ 
itary parades can almost always time 
their visits so as to witness the re¬ 
view of some one or more of the sev¬ 
eral royal regiments which are always 
in garrison here. If the tourist has 
not lost his boyish taste for sliding 
down hill, he can indulge in that pas¬ 
time on a large scale by going up to 
Lachine, and taking the boat to de¬ 
scend the rapids. The trip is full of 



pleasant excitement, especially pleas¬ 
ing to the Anglo-Saxon temperament. 
The Victoria Bridge, over the St. 
Lawrence, is a splendid piece of engi¬ 
neering skill, and should be visited. 
A pass to go upon the bridge may be 
obtained from the office of the Grand 
Trunk Railway. 

The railroad connections of Mon¬ 
treal are as follows : Montreal and 
Plattsburg, Pointe Levi (Quebec) 
and Montreal, Montreal to Port¬ 


land, Me., Montreal and Cham¬ 
plain, Montreal and Toronto. All 
these roads are branches of the Grand 
Trunk Railway of Canada. Be¬ 
sides the railroad connections, steam¬ 
boats are constantly running to various 
points up and down the St. Lawrence, 
among which The Thousand Isles, 
Quebec, and The Saguenay River 
may be mentioned as especially wor¬ 
thy of a visit. 



Boston to Ogdensburg. 

(For description of the route from Boston to St. Alban’s, 
see pp. 9 to 77). 


SWANTON. 

Smanton, Franklin Co., Vt. 
275 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 131 
This village is near the Missisquoi 
River. The country is gently undu¬ 
lating, rising into higher elevations as it 
recedes from the lake. Crossing one or 
two minor inlets, we soon reach Mis¬ 
sisquoi Bay, which is crossed on tres¬ 
tle-work. The shores of the bay are 
for the most part densely wooded and 
very level. 

ALBURG SPRINGS. 

Alburg, Franklin Co., Vt. 

282 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 124 
Alburg Springs are on a peninsula 
between Missisquoi Bay and Lake 
Champlain, near the outlet of the lat¬ 
ter. 

There is a large new hotel at this 
place, and besides the spring there 
are pleasant drives, good fishing, and 
charming lake scenery in all directions, 
for Alburg is almost an island. 

ALBURG. 

Alburg, Franklhi Co., Vt. 

285 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 121 
The country here is mostly clear of 
woods, and is quite level to the lake 
shore, along which, for some distance, 
the track is laid. 


WEST ALBURG. 

Alburg, Franklin Co., Vt. 

287 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdejisburg, 119 

A cluster of houses, a light-house, 
and a railway station compose the 
village of Alburg, which is opposite 
Rouse’s Point. Crossing the lake on 
a trestle bridge a mile long, the trav¬ 
eler can look several miles up and 
down the lake. A little above the 
bridge is Fort Montgomery, a bas- 
tioned stone structure commanding 
the lake. It is also known as Fort 
Blunder; for, after work was com¬ 
menced upon it, and the foundation 
was well advanced, the British Gov¬ 
ernment discovered that it was within 
their territory, and were naturally op¬ 
posed to having the work proceed. 
Further negotiations, however, result¬ 
ed in a new adjustment of boundaries, 
so as to include the fort within Uncle 
Sam’s domain, and the work was duly 
completed. 

ROUSE’S POINT. 

Champlain, Clinton Co., N. V. 

288 m.fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 118 . 

Here is the junction with the Og¬ 
densburg and Lake Champlar, 
Railway, and with the Montrea 
and Champlain Railway to St. 
John’s, Canada. 




































































- 





























* 
















8i 


The Ogdensburg and Lake Cham- 
plain Railway. 

Roicse's Point to Ogdensburg , 118 miles. 

For several years after its completion, this railway was known 
as the Northern Railroad of New York. It was built with the 
design of establishing a route to the west from Boston, taking 
advantage of the long line of water communication extending 
from Ogdensburg to Chicago. The establishment of through 
passenger and freight lines in connection with the Vermont Cen¬ 
tral Railway , has given the necessary impetus, and now the road 
is earning large profits, and promises to go on increasing alike 
its commercial importance and its financial prosperity. 

The course of the road is generally east and west, crossing the 
State of New York at its northern angle, just south of the Can¬ 
ada line. Soon after leaving the shore of Lake Champlain it 
enters the valley of the Great Chazy, or Champlain River, which 
it follows for 20 miles, and then taking a more direct westward 
course, crosses the numerous streams of that region at right angles, 
gradually rising until near Chateaugay, the traveler is surprised 
to find himself overlooking the broad St. Lawrence Valley, from 
a considerable elevation. 

The scenery along this railway, considered as a whole, is not 
particularly attractive ; but taken in detail it shows much that is 
interesting. A great portion of the track is laid through the 
borders of the mysterious wilderness of Northern New York, in 
whose depths are still found all the wild creatures which roamed 
our forests when the country was first discovered. A notable 
leature of this section of country is the gr at number of its streams. 


82 


almost all of which are admirably adapted for manufacturing pur¬ 
poses. The railway is constantly crossing them, sometimes on 
bridges a hundred feet and more above the foaming water, which 
is perhaps hardly visible in the deep chasm below, and again on 
trestle-works over smooth and softly-flowing currents. All these 
streams have their source among the mountain lakes of the Adi- 
rondacks, and the transparent brown color of the water tells of 
miles and miles of spruce and hemlock forest, through which it 
has flowed. The hunting grounds may be easily reached from 
various points on the road, and those who do not wish to go in¬ 
to the wildest parts of the forest can find excellent accommodations 
and good hunting and fishing at almost any of the villages along 
the route. The stations from which the wild regions can be most 
easily reached are Chateaugay and Malone. 

The geological system over which the railway passes is, for the 
most part, that of the Potsdam Sandstone , well known to Amer¬ 
ican geologists. This formation extends across the State in a 
great belt, ranging from 5 to 20 miles in width, and often ap¬ 
pearing above the surface of the earth. It is of a beautiful color, 
varying from brown to light yellow, and is valuable for building 
purposes. 

Along the eastern portion of the railway, large quantities of 
potatoes are raised, and the starch made from them constitutes an 
ifnportant article of commerce. Further west, the country is 
well adapted to grazing purposes, and is celebrated for its butter 
and cheese, large quantities of which are annually shipped to New 
Aojprk and Boston. 

The most direct route from Boston to Montreal is, of course, 
that by way of St. John’s, but the pleasure-seeker will find him¬ 
self well repaid by taking the railway to Ogdensburg and thence 
by steamer down the St. Lawrence to Montreal. By this means 
he secures one of the most charming trips to be found on the con¬ 
tinent. 


ROUSE’S POINT. 

Eastern terminus of Ogdensburg 
and Lake Champlain Railway. 

(Se6 page 80.) 

CHAMPLAIN. 

Champlain, Clinton Co., N. Y. 
293 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 113 

Soon after leaving Rouse’s Point, 
the plain which borders Lake Cham¬ 
plain rises into ridges, which are in 
some places 200 feet above the lake. 
Champlain is on the Great Chazy 
River, which is navigable nearly to 
the village, and thence upwards fur¬ 
nishes abundant water-power, to 
which the village owes its prosperity. 
The principal manufacturing interests 
are in planing-mills, iron-founderies, 
and a carriage factory. The village 
has a very neat and prosperous look, 
and a larger number of tasteful and 
substantial houses line its streets than 
is usual in a village of its size. The 
soil of the town is fertile, where not 
absolutely unimprovable. At Rouse’s 
Point the traveler may notice patches 
of limestone, which geological forma¬ 
tion extends along the lake shore to 
that place ; but as we advance west¬ 
ward this is succeeded by calciferous 
sand-rock, seldom showing above the 
surface of the ground. 

PERRY’S MILLS. 

Champlain, Clinton Co., N. Y. 
296 >n. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 110 

A lumber station on Chazy River. 

MOOER’S JUNCTION. 

Mooeds, Clinton Co., N. Y. 

301 ?n. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 105 

The railway at this station connects 


33 

with the Montreal and Plattsburg 
Railway, and crosses its track. The 
village contains a United States cus¬ 
tom-house. The country is level, 
and across the wide plain the Adiron- 
dacks may be seen to the southward. 
Soon after leaving the station we 
cross the Chazy River. We are now 
fairly in the sandstone region, as may 
be frequently seen by out-croppings 
of that rock, and by the banks of al¬ 
most every stream which the track 
crosses. Near the northwestern cor¬ 
ner of the town is a curious chasm 
known as The Gulf. This remark¬ 
able depression is about 300 feet deep, 
and 16 rods wide. Its sides are per¬ 
pendicular walls of sandstone, and at 
the bottom is a pond said to be 150 
feet deep, whose surface is hardly 
ever rippled by a breeze, and whose 
waters feel the rays of the sun only 
during the summer months. 

CENTREVILLE. 

Mooeds, Clinton Co., N. Y. 

305 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 101 
The village, seen to the left of the 
station, has about 40 houses, stand¬ 
ing mostly on the hillside which 
slopes to Chazy River. There are 
usually large piles of lumber, shingles, 
and tan-bark near the station, ind ; .t- 
ing the principal business of the in¬ 
habitants. The village has a United 
States custom-house. 

WOOD’S FALLS. 

Altona, Clinton Co., N. Y. 

307 in. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 99 

A saw-mill on the river, and char¬ 
coal pits, are the only signs of activity 
at this station. 



ALTONA. 

Altona, Clinton Co., N. Y. 
310 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 96 
A few scattered houses and cabins 
are near the station. The woods are 
being cleared off; but not much of 
the land is fertile, and in the town are 
hundreds of acres of bare sandstone 
rock. 

ELLENBURG. 

Rllenburg, Clinton Co., N. Y. 
318 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 88 
Passing two flag-stations, viz., 
Irona and Forest, we reach Ellen- 
burg, standing in a broad, shallow 
valley, through which runs English 
River, a tributary of the Chazy. The 
country here has a more fertile and 
cultivated look than that at the last 
few stations. The lumber trade, in 
its various forms, affords occupation 
to most of the inhabitants. West of 
the station the track passes through 
a rock-cutting, whose strata are so 
regular as to look like masonry, and 
the natural out-croppings of the rock 
in this vicinity have the same charac¬ 
ter. 

BRANDY BROOK AND CLIN¬ 
TON MILLS 

Are flag-stations. At the latter are 
large mills, and enormous quantities 
of lumber, both in logs and sawn, 
ready for transportation. A store 
and a few comfortable houses com¬ 
pose the settlement. 

SUMMIT. 

Clinton, Clinton Co., N. Y. 

326 m. fr. Boston. , 

Fr. Ogde?isburg, 80 
Nothing suggestive of a summit ap- 


84 

pears at this station, and the few 
houses and cabins which are in sight 
hardly amount to a village. A few 
miles west of the station, a magnificent 
view opens to the northward, fully 
justifying the name. The whole 
breadth of the St. Lawrence Valley 
lies in sight. The distant river may 
be seen with sails and steamers upon 
its bosom, and on both sides of it 
stretch away miles and miles of forest 
and meadow, making altogether a 
landscape such as can seldom be seen 
from the windows of a railway car¬ 
riage. 

CHATEAUGAY. 

Chateaugay, Franklin Co., N. Y. 
334 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 72 
This is a compact village, over¬ 
looking the wide and beautiful St. 
Lawrence Valley almost from Mon¬ 
treal to Ogdensburg. Chateaugay 
Lake, the source of the river of the 
same name, is only a few miles distant, 
and is easily reached from this place. 
That portion of the northern wilds, 
known as the Chateaugay Woods, 
with its extensive system of lakes and 
rivers, is best reached from this sta¬ 
tion, where wagons for the accommo¬ 
dation of tourists are constantly ready 
during the summer months. Half a 
mile east of the village is a spring, the 
waters of which contain bubbles of ni¬ 
trogen gas, and which is remarkable 
for its eccentric habits, flowing some¬ 
times for two years with sufficient 
volume to turn a mill, and then re¬ 
maining entirely dry for an uncertain 
length of time. The chief object of 
interest near the village is a chasm 
200 feet deep in the rock through 
which the Chateaugay falls. The 




35 


water has worn the sandstone into 
countless fantastic shapes, some of 
which can be seen as the railway 
crosses the river, just beyond the sta¬ 
tion. The lower end of the chasm 
may be seen from the car windows on 
the left. In crossing the stream, the 
track is 160 feet above the water. 
The town was sacked by the British 
in 1814. In 1856, it was visited by a 
destructive tornado. 

BURKE. 

Burke, Franklin County, JV. Y. 

838 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 68 

A small village, with saw-mills and 
a few houses. The stream, which is 
crossed a little beyond the station, is 
East Trout River, and a few miles 
further on its sister stream, West 
Trout River, will be seen. We be¬ 
gin to draw near to a range of hills 
on the left. 

MALONE. 

Malone, Franklin County, N. Y. 

846 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 60 

Stages to Constable, Westville, Fort 

Covitigton, and Saranac Lakes, 

daily. 

To Au Sable Forks, weekly. 

Malone is the county town of 
Franklin, and is the most important 
station on the railway. It is situated 
on Salmon River. The station 
house is a handsome structure of 
brick, sufficiently large to accommo¬ 
date the railway business of this re¬ 
gion for some years to come. The 
main street of Malone is broad, and 
lined with handsome stores and pub¬ 


lic buildings. The old station and 
machine-shops are built of the sand¬ 
stone found in this region. They 
may be seen from the cars. This 
stone is very delicate in color, and is 
said to be perfectly good for ordinary 
building purposes. The Saranac 
Lakes and hunting-grounds may be 
easily reached from Malone; stages 
running regularly to the limit of good 
wagon-roads, during the summer 
months. An incorporated company 
supplies the village with spring water 
from sources in the range of hills to 
the southward. Franklin Academy 
is a large and well-conducted school, 
situated in a central location, for the 
accommodation of the inhabitants. 

A large new hotel has been recently 
built near the station. It offers excel¬ 
lent accommodations for a large num¬ 
ber of guests. 

Soon after leaving the station the 
track crosses a very deep and narrow 
gorge, through which, far below, may 
be seen the waters of Salmon River, 
foaming in their narrow channel. 

BANGOR. 

Bangor, Franklin Co., IT. Y. 
352 m. fr. Bostoii. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 54 

This is a flag-station, at which is 
scarcely any collection of houses. 

The village of Bangor is about a 
mile south of the station, in the midst 
of a rich dairy country. 

Bangor is nearly on the level of the 
St. Lawrence plain, the railroad hav¬ 
ing descended all the time since leav¬ 
ing Summit. The country is more 
highly cultivated, and manifestly more 
productive than that along the eastern 
haif of the railway. 



86 


BRUSH’S MILLS. 

Moira, Franklin Co., N. Y. 
358 in. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 48 
An important wooding station on 
Little Salmon River, with large 
mills and mill-ponds. The country is 
well adapted for the culture of pota¬ 
toes, and there are quite extensive 
factories of starch in the vicinity. 

MOIRA. 

Moira, Franklin Co., N. Y. 
360 in. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 46 
The population of this vicinity, 
being mostly agricultural, is much 
scattered, and but few houses stand 
near the station. The stream near 
the station is Lawrence Brook. It 
furnishes a small water-power. The 
soil of the town is fertile and produc¬ 
tive. 

LAWRENCE. 

Lawrence, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y 
367 in. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 39 
The railway crosses Deer River, 
a tributary of the St. Regis, near the 
station. The village of Lawrence is 
on a broad street, at right angles to 
the track. The country is level, and 
the soil a fertile sandy loam. The 
geological formation is calciferous 
sand-rock ; but the rock rarely ap¬ 
pears on the surface, and is visible 
only along the streams. 

BRASHER 'FALLS, (Formerly 
Stockholm.) 

Stockholm, St. I.awrence Co., N. Y. 
372 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 34 
Hotel — Dunton's Flotel. 

The main village is a mile below the 


railway station, in the township of 
Brasher, on the St. Regis River, 
which we cross here. Falls just below 
the station furnish water-power for 
several saw-mills, which prepare a 
large quantity of lumber for market, 
cutting it into boards and shingles. 

Extensive beds of bog-iron ore exist 
in the immediate vicinity. Destruc¬ 
tive fires in the woods swept over this 
region in 1849 ar| d ’57> consuming 
nearly all the buildings in their course. 
This is the nearest station to 

MASSENA SPRINGS. 

and stages run daily from Dunton's 
Hotel, connecting with the- railway 
trains, and going direct to the Springs, 

5 miles distant. The Springs are sul¬ 
phurous in their character, and pos¬ 
sess valuable medicinal properties. 

At the Springs is a neat and lively 
little village, and a good hotel— The 
United States —kept by Messrs. 
Crocker & Co. 1’here are several 
separate springs, of which the St. 
Regis is the chief. They differ but 
slightly in the chemical constituents 
of their waters. 

A peculiarity of the river below the 
falls is, that no bridge can be securely 
built over it, owing to the rapid rise 
of water, which often takes place in 
the winter, when the St. Lawrence is 
likely at any time to become choked 
temporarily with ice. The river has 
been known to rise 15 feet in as many 
minutes, and, perhaps, fall again just 
as suddenly. 

United States barracks were erected 
at Massena duiing the war of 1812, 
and were, for a time, occupied by 
troops. After the withdrawal of the 
troops, the barracks were burned by 
a raiding party of Canadians. 






POTSDAM JUNCTION. 

Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., A r . Y 
383 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 23 
Hotel —Whitney Hotel. 

Passing Knapp's, a flag-station, we 
soon reach the junction with the Pots¬ 
dam Branch of the Rome, Water- 
town and Ogdensburg Railway to 
Rome, N. Y. 

The village at the junction bears the 
name of Raquettville. It has a 
good hotel, and considerable lumber¬ 
ing business is carried on here. 

The village of Potsdam is about 
4 miles south of this station, and is 
connected with it by the above-named 
railroad. It is a large and thriving vil¬ 
lage, situated on the Raquette River, 
which has its various sources in the 
heart of the woods. Lumbering is 
one of the principal branches of indus¬ 
try at Potsdam, and the Raquette 
River drives the wheels of numerous 
mills and factories. The neighboring 
country is largely devoted to dairy 
farming, and annually sends quanti¬ 
ties of butter and cheese to the mar¬ 
kets of New York and Boston. 

Soon after leaving the junction, 
we cross the Raquette River at a 
point about 5 miles below Potsdam. 

MADRID. 

Madrid, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 
390 m. fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 16 
Stages to Massena Springs. 
Hotel —Frontier House. 

Grass River, a considerable stream, 
is crossed just east of this station. 
The village is incorporated under the 
name of “ Columbia," but is, per¬ 
haps, better known as Madrid, which 
is the name of the station and town- 


S7 

ship. A large quantity of Canadian 
freight is yearly shipped at this station. 
The principal articles are barley, oats, 
cattle, and horses. Madrid is a well- 
known butter-making town, and the 
inhabitants pride themselves on their 
choice butter, and the price which it 
commands in the city markets. 

LISBON. 

Lisbon, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 
397 tn.fr. Boston. 

Fr. Ogdensburg, 9 
A small village along a gentle swell 
of land. The country has a light and 
productive soil. Just before entering 
Ogdensburg, the traveler will notice 
a long and deep earth-cutting, through 
which the railway passes, and which 
is sodded from top to bottom, a pleas¬ 
ing contrast to the glaring sand usual 
in such places in this country. 

OGDENSBURG. 

O siuegate hie, St. Lawrence Co. 
406 miles from Boston. 
Hotels — Seymour House, John¬ 
son House, A merican House, 
Baldwin House. 

Situated on the St. Lawrence River, 
whose waters give easy communica¬ 
tion with the great lakes, and at the 
termini of two railways, namely, the 
Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain, 
and the Rome, Watertown, and Og¬ 
densburg Railways, this town has 
rapidly grown to a size corresponding 
with the commercial importance of its 
position. Its present population is 
about 12 , 000 . It is laid out with 
straight and wide streets, on a hill¬ 
side and plateau just at the mouth of 
the Oswegatchie River, which drives 
the machinery of several factories, 
large dams having been built for the 



83 


purpose. Ogdensburg is a United 
States port of entry and delivery. A 
new custom-house and post-office has 
just been built of Ohio sandstone, at 
a cost of about $ 200 , 000 . It lacks, 
however, a feature of interest which 
the old custom-house possessed, to 
wit, the corner-stone of the old 
French Mission House, which was 
built into the wall over the entrance, 
as a relic of the past. Among the 
several churches, may be mentioned 
the First Presbyterian, a handsome 
structure of stone. Along the east 
bank of the Oswegatchie are the 
finest private residences in the city, 
many of them surrounded by hand¬ 
some gardens and ornamental 
grounds. The city is supplied with 
wate» by a corporate company. The 
main street is a busy thorough¬ 
fare, lined with handsome stores, and 
evidently doing a large amount of 
business. There are two banking 
establishments in prosperous opera¬ 
tion, and three newspapers are pub¬ 
lished daily. 

From the wharf of the passenger sta¬ 
tion, may be seen on the opposite side 
of the St. Lawrence, the stone wind¬ 
mill where the last scene of the Mac¬ 
kenzie Rebellion of 1838 was enacted. 
There a little band of brave, though 
mistaken “ patriots,” held out for near¬ 
ly a week against several times their 
number of royal troops and militia. 
Such was the sympathy with the be¬ 
sieged, that the American shore was 
lined with spectators, who cheered 
any success of the “patriots,” and 
who were only prevented from joining 
in the fight by a British gunboat in 
the river. Ogdensburg was one of 
the points selected for a base of ope¬ 
rations during the (so-called) Fenian 


invasion of Canada, in 1806 . For¬ 
tunately for the invaders, the Govern¬ 
ment stopped them in time to save 
their lives. 

The offices and freight accommoda¬ 
tions of the Ogdensburg' and Lake 
Champlain Railway are worthy of 
examination. Nearly a mile of wharf¬ 
age stretches along the water front, 
back of which are warehouses, cattle 
and lumber yards, and passenger 
houses. At the eastern end is a grain 
elevator, which is one of the finest in 
the country, and renders the trans¬ 
shipment of grain very swift and easy. 
A steam ferry connects with the 
Grajid Trunk Railway of Canada, 
and the Ottawa and Prescott Rail¬ 
way, connecting through the former 
with all points west. Steamers of the 
Canadian Navigation Company 
leave on the arrival of trains, and make 
close connections on arriving from the 
lakes. The railway also here connects 
with the Northern Transportation 
Company's line of steam propellers, 
more than 20 in number, taking freight 
and passengers to and from all the 
principal ports of Lakes Ontario, Erie, 
Huron, and Michigan. Ogdensburg 
is also the northern terminus of the 
Rome, Watertown, and Ogdensburg 
Railway, which connects at Rome 
with the New York Central Rail- 
way. Other steamboat communica¬ 
tions are afforded by boats up and 
down the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 
Rivers, to the Thousand Isles, and 
other points of interest and resort. 

The passage by steamer down the 
river, through the rapids, to Mon¬ 
treal, is unequaled in the world for 
excitement and interest, and will well 
repay the tourist the detour from St. 
Albans to make the descent. 



89 

Lake Champlain. 

/'~\UR first introduction to this beautiful sheet of water, 
in approaching from the southward, is near Ferris- 
burg, Vt., where for the first time we fairly look across it, 
and see the noble range of the Adirondacks from base to 
summit. From this point to Burlington, where we take 
the boat, a seat on the left, or west side of the car, will 
enable the traveller to catch frequent and charming glimp¬ 
ses of lake and mountain. 

Lake Champlain was discovered in 1609—the same 
year that Hendrick Hudson, with his sturdy crew, anchored 
the “ Half-Moon” in New York Harbor. Samuel Cham¬ 
plain, with two white followers, under the guidance of a 
party of Indians, was the discoverer, and the lake is a 
lasting memorial of his enterprise, even as the Hudson Rivet 
preserves the name and fame of Hendrick, its explorer. 
It is curious that the extreme north and south points of 
the Empire State were discovered in the same year, and 
still preserve in their vicinity marked traces of the French 
and Dutch, who were their first settlers. 

The first account that we have of Lake Champlain is 
the history of the warlike expedition on which Champlain 
went, with his Indian guides, against the Iroquois; and 
from that time until the close of the last war with Eng¬ 
land the lake was often the scene of conflicts between 
Indians, or French, or English, or Americans, or all four 
together. The most important battle was that of Platts- 
burg, which took place on September n, 1814. The 
American and British fleets were engaged in a fierce 
fight on the lake, while their respective armies were at the 
same time in aCtion on shore, close at hand. This double 
combat ended in the total defeat of the British, and was 
one of the most hotly-contested battles of the war. A 


93 


more particular account of this engagement maybe found 
under the sketch of Plattsburg (page 41). 

Plattsburg is but one of the many places on the lake 
which are of great historic interest. During the “ Old 
French War,” while France still held possession of the 
Canadas, the English maintained garrisons along the 
shores, and flotillas on the water. These two great Euro¬ 
pean Powers brought their ancient feuds across the At¬ 
lantic with them, and were constantly seeking one another’s 
destruction. The horrors of this desultory warfare were 
increased by the barbarities perpetrated by the Indian 
allies of both parties. Crown Point and Ticonderoga, 
near the outlet of Lake George, are both famous—the 
latter as the site of the old fort, which was captured, with 
its British garrison, by Ethan Allen and his brave Green 
Mountain Boys. 

Valcour Island, a few miles south of Plattsburg, is near 
the scene of Arnold’s disastrous engagement with the 
British, in 1776. That gallant officer then stood high in 
public estimation, and on this occasion fully sustained his 
reputation for skill and bravery, in covering the retreat of 
his flotilla. The battles of Bennington and Hubbardston, 
and the line of Burgoyne’s march, were all on or near the 
shores of Lake Champlain, and add a never-dying inter¬ 
est to the magnificent scenery which surrounds it. 

Lake Champlain is 150 miles long, and varies in width 
from a few hundred yards to thirteen miles. Its waters 
are clear, deep and cold, and it is well stocked with fish 
of various kinds, affording excellent sport for the angler. 
In the spring and fall thousands of wild ducks make this 
their feeding ground, and the wild lands west of the lake 
abound with all kinds of game. 

For purposes of commerce the lake is of great conse¬ 
quence. Its depth is, in some places, 300 feet, so that 


91 


vessels of heavy burden can navigate its waters. Large 
quantities of lumber are annually delivered at its ports, 
Burlington, Vt., being the principal market. 

Lake George is conne&ed with Lake Champlain both 
geographically and historically, being joined to it by a 
narrow outlet, not navigable on account of its- rapids, and 
having been the scene of many battles, sieges, and 
massacres, during the wars of early times. 

The most memorable of these is the fearful massacre 
at Fort William Henry , where a hotel of the same name 
now stands. The fort was occupied by an English garri¬ 
son, under command of Col. Monroe, which for several 
days bravely resisted the attack of a greatly superior 
force of French and Indians, but was finally obliged to 
surrender. The terms of capitulation were, that the gar- * 
rison should be permitted to march out with the honors 
of war, taking with them certain specified stores. An 
escort was to be furnished them to Fort Edward. As 
soon as they were fairly out of the fort the Indians, re¬ 
gardless of the terms of surrender, fell upon them, and an 
indiscriminate massacre ensued, the French taking no 
steps to prevent it. It is estimated that 1,500 persons 
were thus murdered. 

The battle of Lake George took place near the head of 
the lake in 1 755 * The contending parties were French 
and English, under Baron Dieskau and Sir William John¬ 
son. The French were defeated, and their commander 
was among the killed. Lake George is justly celebrated 
for its beautiful scenery, its transparent waters, and fine 
fish. The lake is thirty-six miles long, and about three 
miles broad at its widest part. Some of the most thrill¬ 
ing scenes in Cooper’s novel, “ The Last of the Mohicans ,” 
are laid in the vicinity of “ The Horiconf as the Indians 
are said to have called this beautiful lake. 


92 


The Adirondack Mountains. 

I N crossing Lake Champlain, and while following its 
eastern shores on the railway, the traveller is constant¬ 
ly in sight of the mysterious wild region of northern New 
York. The line of blue summits against the western sky 
is in the heart of this region, and any one who is ac¬ 
quainted with the mountains can readily point out Taha- 
wus, Whiteface , and others of the great mountain brother¬ 
hood, which watches over the country from Ontario to the 
Green Mountains. This wilderness is nearly a hundred 
miles in diameter, and is nominally divided into several 
traCts, such as The Saranacs, the Chateaugay , etc. The 
Adirondacks are, properly, the mountainous region occu¬ 
pying the eastern part of the wilderness, but the name 
is often used in referring to the whole uninhabited dis¬ 
trict. Notwithstanding the numerous hunters and fisher¬ 
men who annually go into the woods, game and fish are 
still abundant. Deer are protected by law during the 
breeding season, and, as their natural foes the panther, 
the bear, and the wolf, are outlawed by common consent, 
they are rather increasing in number. They are, how¬ 
ever, becoming very shy, and much caution is necessary 
in hunting them. 

The whole Adirondack region is intersected and diver¬ 
sified by a network of lakes and streams, which render it 
picturesque and beautiful in an almost unequalled degree. 
These systems of water communication afford very con¬ 
venient means of transit for hunters and pleasure-seekers, 
the lakes being connected by streams, in some cases navi¬ 
gable for batteaux, and in others broken by falls and rap¬ 
ids, around which boats and luggage must be carried. 


93 


Iron is found in large quantities among the mountains 
and some of the most accessible beds of ore are profit¬ 
ably worked. Marble is also found, of a valuable quality. 
It is probable that a large portion of this tradl will always 
be wild and almost uninhabited, save by the hunter or 
pleasure-seeker, for it is so inaccessible that the traffic 
which invites a large population could hardly ever reach 
its central portions, even if the land were sufficiently fer¬ 
tile and easily cultivated to invite settlers. 

The wilderness may be easily reached from Plattsburg 
by several different routes, partly by carriage-roads and 
partly by boats, which latter will convey the tourist to 
almost any part of the woods which he wishes to visit. 
Another favorite route to the woods is from Port Kent, 
whence stages convey the tourist to Keeseville, Au Sable 
Forks, and the Saranac Lakes, whence by boats and “ car¬ 
ries ” he can penetrate to the heart of the wilderness. 


FLORE NCE SEWING-MAC HINES. 

FOSTER &■ RICHARDSON, 

(Successors to C. PATCH & CO.,) General Agts. for New England, New York, St New Jersey, 
Office of the Nonotuck & Union Silk Companies, 

505 Broadway, New York. 141 Washington St., Boston. 

Florence Sewing "Machine. 

AU parties in want of a good Sewing-Machine fot family use, or cloth work of auy 
kind, will please examine the Florence before purchasing elsewhere. 

We claim that the Florence is an improvement over all others. The stitch is 
more elastic, alike on both sides of the fabric, almost noiseless, simple in construc¬ 
tion, is not liable to get out of repair. Having a reversible feed, enabling the 
operator to stitch either to the left or right at pleasure, making four different stitches 
—lock, knot, double-lock, and double-knot. Easy to operate, and will do a larger 
range of work than can be done by any other sewing-machine. The Florence 
Machine is licensed, and parties purchasing of us or our agents need not have any 
doubts in regard to using them. All machines sold are warranted in every parti¬ 
cular, and kept in repair oue year free of charge; and any one purchasing of ns, and 
not satisfied, can return them by allowing five dollars per month for the use of them. 

Machine-Needles of all kinds, Shuttles, Bobbins, Oil, Silk, Cotton and Machine 
Trimmings, etc., constantly on hand. 

Agents for the sale of the Bids ford Family Knitting-Machino, 
an improvement over all others. Price, $30. Liberal discount to the Trade. 

FOSTER, & RICHARDSON, General Agents, 

605 Broadway, New York. 141 Washington St., Boston. 




177 Canal St. 


W. A. WILLARD & CO. 


MANUFACTURERS 


i OP 

Looking-Glasses, 



Having largely increased our facilities for manufacturing LOOKING- 
GLASSES, &c., we are prepared to offer to the public goods in our line of 
superior quality, at the 

LOWEST PRICES, 

Both to the Wholesale and Retail Trade. We have on hand at all times a 
very large stock of 

PEsa aot MjysraEE, jursoks, 

BASE AND TRIPOD TABLES, 

©crnices., 

Marble Slabs, and Brackets, &c. 

+ Hotels and Private Houses Fitted at short notice. 
Please give us a call, and examine Goods. 

W. A. WILLARD <fc CO., 

177 Canal Street, New York. 


BOSTON TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


TRAINS GOING NORTH. 


Mis. 

Leave. 


8 OOA.M. 

25 

8 45 “ 

39 

9 20 “ 

56 

9 55 ;; 

75 

10 31 

102 

1141 “ 

108 

12 OO M. 

126 

I 20P.M. 

168 

3 40 “ 

188 

4 48 “ 


Arrive. 


Leave. 

Leave. 

STATIONS. 

12 OO M. 



I OOP.M. 



1 35 “ 



2 20 “ 

. 

.Manchester.. 

3 25 “ 



4 41 “ 

5 00 (t 





5 55 “ 

7 45A.M. 

. Plymouth.. 


10 15 “ 

.Wells’ River. 


11 20 “ 

. ..Littleton... 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 



TRAINS GOING SOUTH. 


Arrive. 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 

6 35P.M. 


1 15P.M 

5 30 “ 


12 15 “ 

5 00 “ 


11 45A.M 

4 16 “ 


10 55 “ 

3 30 “ 


10 15 “ 

2 15 “ 


8 44 “ 

1 56 “ 


8 25 “ 

_ _ i < 

1 °3 

8 05P.M. 

7 30 “ 

IO I 2 A.M. 

6 05 “ 


9 00 “ 

5 00 “ 


Leave. 

Leave. 

Leave. 


BOSTON TO LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG. 

TRAINS GOING SOUTH. TRAINS GOING NORTH. 


Mis. 

Leave. 

Leave. 


8 OOA.M. 

6 OOP.M. 

25 

8 45 “ 

6 45 “ 

39 

9 20 “ 

7 20 “ 

56 

9 55 “ 

7 55 “ 

75 

10 35 •* 

8 35 “ 

94 

11 16 “ 

9 28 “ 

144 

1 45P.M. 

n 55 “ 

184 

3 43 “ 


205 

4 36 “ 


254 

6 50 “ 
Arrive. 

. 

Arrive. 


Leave. 

STATIONS. 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 



6 34P.M. 



.. . T .owell. .. 

5 32 “ 



.. .Nashua.... 

5 00 il 



Manchester. 

1 16 “ 



. . .Concord. . 

3 30 “ 




2 39 “ 



White River 


8 20A M. 

Tunction.... 

12 20A.M. 

11 41P.M. 

IO 16 “ 

.Wells’ River. 

10 13 “ 

10 00 “ 

II 13 “ 

St. Johnsbury 

9 18 “ 

9 07 “ 

I 25P.M. 

.North Derby. 

7 00 “ 

6 50 “ 

Arrive. 


Leave. 

Leave. 


Arrive. 


8 30A.M. 

7 32 “ 

7 00 “ 

6 15 “ 

5 30 “ 

4 23 “ 

1 50 “ 


Leave. 


BOSTON TO MONTREAL AND OGDENSBURG. 

TRAINS GOING NORTH. _ TRAINS GOING SOUTH. 


Mis. Leave. 

Leave. 

STATIONS. 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 

| 8 OOA.M. 

25, 8 45 “ 
39 9 20 “ 

56,9 55;; 
7510 35 

94 11 16 * 
144 130P.M. 

208 3 50 ** 
248 4 50 “ 
265 6 35 “ 
328 9 30 “ 

288; 7 45 “ 
345 10 30 “ 
406 I OOA.M. 

< Arrive. 

6 OOP.M. 

6 45 “ 

7 20 “ 

7 55 “ 

8 35 “ 

9 28 “ 

12 05A.M. 

4 25 “ 

5 25 “ 

6 05 “ 

9 25 “ 

7 15 “ 

10 03 “ 

12 40P.M. 

Arrive. 

.Boston. 

.Manchester .. .. 

.Concord. 

..White River Junction.. 
.Montpelier. 

.St. Alban’s. 

.Montreal. 

.Rouse’s Point. 

.Malone. 

.Ogdensburg. 

10 30P.M. 
9 30 “ 

9 12 “ 

8 30 “ 
800 " 

7 24 “ 

- ii 

5 3° 

„ «< 

2 17 

12 30 “ 

12 OO M. 

8 40A.M. 
10 45 “ 

8 00 “ 

5 30 “ 
Leave. 

8 30A.M. 
7 32 

7 00 “ 

6 15 “ 

5 30 “ 

4 23 “ 

1 50 “ 

9 55 P-M. 

_ _ _ ( i 

7 50 

7 20 “ 

3 3 ° “ 

5 30 “ 

2 40 “ 
11 40A.M. 

Leave. 

6 35P.M. 
5 32 “ 

5 00 “ 

4 16 “ 

3 30 “ 

2 39 “ 

12 20 “ 

8 55A.M. 

6 55 “ 

6 20 “ 

4 35 A.M. 
11 25P.M. 

6 00 “ 
Leave. 







































































































Hearth and Home, 

An Illustrated Weekly of Sixteen Handsome Folio Pages, 

for THE 

FARM, GARDEN, and FIRESIDE. 

EDITED BY 

DONALD G. MITCHELL and HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, 

assisted by a corps of able editors and contributors in all departments. It 
contains every week original articles by the best American Writers, each in 
his own department, on 

FARMING, RURAL ARCHITECTURE, 

GARDENING, FRUIT GRO WIN G , 

FLOWER CULTURE, etc. 

It also contains Adventures by Sea and Land, Pure and Elevating Stories, 
Sketches, Biographies, Poems, etc. 

Mrs. STOWE, GRACE GREENWOOD, Mrs. MARY E. DODGE, 

contribute regularly, and the best writers in the country will constantly 
enrich its pages. 

Terms for 1869. 

Single Copies $4, invariably in advance; 3 Copies $10; 5 Copies $15, 
Any one sending us $24 for a club of 8 Copies (all at one time), will receive a 
copy free. 

PETTENGILL, BATES & CO,, 

37 Park Row, Neiv York, 

$12^ $15. " $20. 

THE CELEBRATED GENUINE 

“OROIDE WATCHES” 

resemble G-old, wear like Gold, and are AS GOOD 
as Gold in all respects, except intrinsic 
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Call and Examine for Yourselves. 

Remember, the only Genuine Oroide Watches can be got of 

JAMES GERARD & CO., 

Sole Agents for the United States, 

85 Nassau Street (Up Stairs^, New York. 











“SHORE LINE” EXPRESS ROUTE 

NEW YORK AND BOSTON. 


Jan. ii, 1869. Through Trains. 


Trains Leave. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

P.M. 

Trains Leave. 

A.M. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

New York, 27th st. 
Stamford. 

Norwalk. 

Bridgeport. 

New Haven. 

Connecticut River. 
Lyme.. 

New London. 

Stonington. 

W esterly. 

Kingston. 

Greenwich. 

Providence. 

Mansfield. 

Boston. 

8 00 

9 2 4 

9 4 2 
10 15 
10 55 

P.M. 
12 30 
12 40 

1 15 

2 05 

2 16 

3 00 

3 2 9 

4 04 

5 05 

6 10 

12 IS 

i 39 

1 57 

2 32 

3 15 

4 20 

4 30 

5 i 5 

6 01 
6 09 

6 39 

7 02 

7 30 

8 12 

9 GO 

8 00 

9 30 

9 49 

10 33 

11 15 

A.M. 

12 50 
I OO 

1 40 

2 22 

2 35 

3 14 

3 43 

4 20 

5 06 

6 00 

Boston. 

Mansfield. 

Providence. 

Greenwich. 

Kingston. 

W esterly. 

Stonington. 

New London. 

Lyme ..... 

Connecticut River.. 

New Haven. 

Bridgeport. 

Norwalk. 

Stamford. 

New York, 27th st.. 

II IO 

11 58 
P.M. 

12 40 
12 57 

I 24 

1 54 

2 05 

2 45 

3 05 

3 15 

4 30 

5 05 
5 39 
5 58 
7 20 

7 25 

7 57 

8 30 

9 1.3 
9 27 

n 05 
11 45 
11 55 

P.M. 

2 05 

2 40 

3 12 

3 32 

4 55 

8 30 

9 18 

IO OO 

10 28 

10 54 

11 28 

11 39 

A.M. 

12 20 
12 40 
12 JO 

2 15 
2 50 

3 20 

3 39 
5 00 


NEW YORK AND BOSTON EXPRESS LINE— 

Springfield Route. 


Mis. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

P.M. 

*P.M. 

O 

8 00 

3 00 

8 00 


2 

8 08 

3 08 

8 08 


36 

9 26 

4 22 

9 3o 


44 

9 44 

4 40 

9 49 


58 

10 15 

513 

10 33 


76 

10 50 

5 50 

11 IO 



10 55 

5 55 

II 15 

7 59 

94 

11 30 

6 36 

II 57 


101 

11 5 ° 

7 °5 



112 

12 15 

7 30 

12 40 


138 

1 30 

8 19 

1 44 



1 45 

8 30 

2 10 

IO IO 

153 

2 14 

8 59 

2 39 

10 39 

167 

2 43 

9 28 

3 °7 

11 08 

192 

3 35 

IO 20 

4 15 

11 55 


3 40 

10 25 

4 15 

12 00 

2-15 

4 21 

11 06 

5 10 

12 48 

236 

5 05 

11 5° 

6 00 

1 35 


P.M. 

P.M. 

A.M. 

A.M. 


Jan. ii, 1869. 


ve 

arr 


New York { J" 

Stamford... 

Norwalk. 

Bridgeport. 

f’ve 1 N* Haven -j ^ 

Meriden. 

Berlin. 

Hartford... 

f’ve \ Springfield j l J r e 

Paimer. 

West Brookfield. 

fve) Worcester ' \ In. 
South Framingham... 
Boston. 


12 38 
11 54 
11 37 
11 19 
10 25 ) 
10 00 


P.M. 


9 20 
9 °3 
8 00 
8 00 
7 i5 
*6 30 
P.M. 


OO 

55 
39 
20 

50 
15 
10 

30 

12 
12 58 
12 00 
11 55 
11 3° 
11 05 
10 05 
10 00 
9 15 
8 30 
A. M. 


IO 50 
IO 42 
9 26 
9 07 
8 35 
8 00 
8 00 
7 2 9 
7 11 
6 50 
6 00 


A. M. 


4 55 
4 48 
3 22 
3 I 2 
2 40 
2 05 
2 05 

1 30 

1 12 
12 50 
12 00 
11 55 
11 30 
11 02 
10 05 
10 00 
9 i 3 
8 30 
P.M. 


♦ Sunday mail. 


Through fore, six dollars. 



































































































THE STEAM FIRE-PROOF SAFE, 

SANBORN’S PATENT. 


THE BEST SAFE IN THE WORLD 


Perfectly Dry in Use— ACTUALLY FIRE-PROOF. 


It has been more severely tried than any other, and never failed. 


The special excel¬ 
lence of this Safe con¬ 
sists in a lining of cop- 

f >er vessels contain- 
ng water between 
the bookcase and the 
walls, whereby, in 
case of fire, steam is 
generated, which car¬ 
ries out the heat as it 
comes in; and thus 
protects the contents 
through the longest 
and severest fires i hat 
ever occur. It is thor¬ 
oughly made, and 
furnished with the 
best burglar-proof 
lock. 

The vessels are 
sealed, so that the 
water cannot evapo¬ 
rate to dampen the 
Safe. The solder that 
closes the opening 



BBS 


melts below boiling 
heat, to let off the 
steam. “Return 
Pipes ” prevent the 
water from escaping, 
in case the Safe over¬ 
turns when burning. 
It is entirely dry in 
use ; never needs a 
new supply of water; 
is very strong, and 
will resist several 
times as much fire as 
ordinary Safes. 

All persons need¬ 
ing Fire-proof Safes 
should send for a 
pamphlet, and learn 
all about the STEAM 
SAFE, before pur¬ 
chasing. 

Perfectly satisfac¬ 
tory information fur¬ 
nished to all inquirers. 


OVER EIGHTY SAFES FAILED IN ONE FIRE IN PORTLAND. 


MORE OR LESS OF THE ORDINARY SAFES FAIL IN NEARLY EVERY SEVERE FIRE. 

THE STEAM SAFE NEVE It FAILED . 

No Valuables Entrusted to it were ever Lost. 


- 4 --- 

WHAT IS SAID OF IT. 

“The fire-proof quality of the Steam Improvement is established beyond ques¬ 
tion ; and since so many safes, in recent great fires, have failed to preserve their 
contents, an improvement like this must be welcomed with great satisfaction.”— 
Boston Daily Advertiser. 

“ An absolutely Fire-Proof Safe is at last before the public.”— Philadelphia 
Press, Sept. 21, 1867. 

“ The trial of Steam Fire-Proof Safes, at the Inter-State Fair, gave the greatest 
possibl® satisfaction, and further demonstrated their superiority over all others. 
They are being fully appreciated now by our mercantile community, and we take 
great pleasure in calling attention to them.”— Philadelphia Inquirer, Sept. 20, 1867. 

“ Sanborn’s invention has been proved by the most satisfactory tests to be 
exactly what its manufacturers represent.”— Portland Daily Press, March 3, 1868. 

“ These safes are rapidly superseding every other kind, and in their improved 
form are superior to every other.”—Boston Daily Evening Traveller. 

Manufactured and Sold by 

AMERICAN STEAM FIRE-PROOF SAFE COMPANY. 

FEW YOEK, 300 Broadxvny . 

BOSTON, 60 Sudbury Street. 

BALTIMORE, 28 South Street. 



















♦ 



SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

A. PUTNAM ; Jr., Sup't. 


ANALYSIS BY.PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

Chloride of Sodium, . 378.902 grs. 

Chloride of Potassium, . 9.229 t( 

Bromide of Sodium, . .565 “ 

Iodide of Sodium, or Iodine,* . 20/000 * f 

Sulphate of Botassa, . 5.500 * 

Bicarbonate of lime, . 124.459 * 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia, . 61.912 f< 

Bicarbonate of Soda, . 12.662 

Bicarbonate of Iron, . 1.213 ‘ 

Silica, . 1283 “ 

Phosphate of lime, a trace. ——-— - 

Solid Contents in a gallon, . 615.685 grs. 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. 

* Ascertained according to Dr. Steele and Professor Emmons 1 mode of 
Analysis. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

The following testimonials of the value of the Star Water, are selected from 
many received from those who have used the water: 

From Eev. THEODORE L. CUTLER, D. D. 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Aug. 15 , 1867 . 

After eighteen years of constant experience in the use of the Saratoga W aters, I 
do not hesitate to give the preference to the Star Spring as the most active and 
beneficial cathartic I have ever found here. It “ works like a charm.” I keep a 
supply of it at my own home, and when my system becomes disordered, and my 
liver grows sluggish in its action, a bottle or two of this capital water restores me 
without the use of any other remedy. May yours be “ the Star that never sets.” 

Faithfully yours, THEODORE L. OUYLER^ 

From J. S. DELAVAN, M.D. 

Albany, May 9 , 1865 . 

Saratoga Star Spring Co.— Gents : I am in receipt of your admirable water. 
As a Remedial Agent, I believe the Star Water to be greatly superior to any of 
the mineral waters of Saratoga. I greatly prefer it myself to any of them. 

Very truly yours, J- S. DELAVAN, M.D. 

From Dr. N. B. SHTJRTLEFF, Mayor of Boston. 

Boston, Oct. 18 , 1867 . 

The Saratoga Spring Water has proved highly advantageous in my practice in re¬ 
lieving constitutional torpidity of the alimentary canal, I consider its use very valu¬ 
able in the treatment of Chronic Indigestion, in reducing scrofulous enlargements, 
and in removing cutaneous affections. NATH. B. SIIUKllxkl? r, 

WHOLESALE AGENTS: 

I. WHITE & CO., 100 Tremont Street, Boston. 

B. HOWARD & SON, 94 Reade Street, New York. 

HARRIS & UPHAAI, 72 Randolph Street, Chicago, Ill. 

JOHN WYETH & BROTHER, 1412 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

BROWN, WEBER & GRAHAM, 10 & 12 North Second St, St Louis. 

And principal Druggists generally. 

















The Celebrated imitation Gold 


$15 Hunting Watches. $20 

THE COLLINS OROIDE WATCH FACTORY. 




CASES 

OF THE 

COLLINS METAL 

(Improved Oroide.) 


SPECIAL NOTICE.—Our superior Oroide Watches having recently been imitated, and worthiest 
Watches sold in New York, Boston, Chicago, and other cities, represented as our Watches, we hereby 
caution the public against them, rilfd give notice that we are in no way responsible for these bogu* 
concerns, and only those purchasing directly from us can secure a genuine Watch of our manufacture 
We have recently greatly improved our Oroide in appearance and durability, and to protect th# 
public from imposition hereafter, have named it the “COLLINS METAL,” and we give notice tha% 
any one making use of this name will be prosecuted to the extent of the law. 

This metal has all the brilliancy and durability of Gold; can not be distinguished from it by th# 
best judges ; retains its color till worn out, and is equal to Gold excepting in intrinsic value. All out 
Gentlemen's Watches are Full’Jeweled Patent Levers; those for Ladies an improved Escapement, 
better than a Lever for a small Watch; all in Hunting-Cases, and fully guaranteed by special certifl. 
cate. The $15 Watches are equal in neatness, style of finish, general appearance, and for time, to 
Gold one costing SJ50. Those for $20 are of extra fine finish, and are fully equal to a Gold Watch 
costing $200. Chains of every style, from $2 to $6. Also, Jewelry of the Collins Metal in every style 
TO CLUBS.—Where Six Watches are ordered at one time we will send one extra Watch free o 
charge. 


Goods sent to any part of the United 3tates by express, to be paid for on delivery. Money need no 
be sent with the order, as bills can be paid when goods are taken from the express offlee. Customer* 
must pay nil express charges. We employ no Agents; orders must therefore be sent directly to us 
Customers in the city will remember that our only Office is 


Nos. 37 & 39 Nassau St., New York, 0pp. the Post-Office (Upstairs). 

C. E. COLLINS &'CO. 



DEPO T OF G AMES. 

F kee Direction* tor Playing the Games of Euchre, Whist, Bezique, 
Seven-Up, Ceibbage, Boston, Poker, Chess, Checkers, 
Backgammon, and all other games. 


Either of the above and our Mammoth Catalogue of Games sent to any 
address free upon receipt of postage (4 cents). Address, 

CRAWFORD & DAVIDSON, 

Xo. 38 JOHN ST., X. T. City. 


The Automatic Clothes-Washer & Boiler. 


John Keist, Pat. Nov. 29, 1864. 


Dispenses with labor, 
wear, and tear. Decided 
by the Patent Office to be 
the only original and 
first Self-Acting Portable 
Wash-Boiler ever made. 

[See Decision of the United 
States Patent Office, Nov. 3, 
1868 .] 

Liberal terms offered to Deal - 
#r« and reliable Agents. 

Bknd Stamp for Circular. 


VJCXL-. A? 



J From Journal New York State 
Fair , 1868. 

“The operation of this ma¬ 
chine was fully satisfactory, 
and the Committee award it t/io 
First Premium , for the reason 
that it did its work effectually 
without rubbing the clothes.” 

Sample Boiler, No. 8, medium 
size, $J0; or parts for the im¬ 
provement, which can be made 
to lit any Boiler, with Royalty 
stamp, $4. Sent C. O. D. 


AUTOMATIC CLOTHES-WASHER & BOILER CO, 

Depot, 19 Courtlandt St., Xew York. 



























How Shall we Paint our Houses? 


READY-MADE COLORS 

For Painting Exteriors and Interiors of Country and City Houses. 

These Paints require only to be thinned with Itaw Linseed Oil to make 
them ready for use. The list includes forty shades and tints, comprising aU 
the colors suitable for exterior and interior painting. In durability and per¬ 
manency of color they will be found superior in every respect to pure White 
Lead, while they cost (considering the quantity required) only about half as 
much. 

Sample Cards, with a descriptive pamphlet, sent free by mail. Be sure 
you-get the genuine “Railroad,” Colors, every package of which bears 
our full name, in addition to our copyrighted title, 

“ Railroad Paints and Railroad Colors.” 

j8C§=- None are reliable which do not bear these marks. 

We would caU attention also to our 

Warranted Perfectly Rare Combination White Read, 
which, for economy and durability, is the best in market. For sale by all 
Paint Dealers throughout the country, or 

MASURY Sc WHITON, 

111 Fulton Street, JV. Y. 

Proprietors of the Globe White Lead and Color Works, Manufacturers 
of White Lead, Zinc, and Painters’ Fine Colors. 

N.B.—“How SHALL we paint?” A popular treatise on the art of 
House Painting, &c., by JOHN W. MASURY. Cloth, 216 pages, $1.50. Also, 
Hints on House Painting. Cloth, 84 pages, 40 centB. Either of the 
above sent free by mail on receipt of price. 

GAS FIXTURES, 

OF NEW AND BEAUTIFUL DESIGNS. 

KEROSENE FIXTURES, 

In every variety ; suitable for Rails, Churches, and 
Dwellings, 


TUCKER’S PATENT SPRING-BED, 

The only Spring-bed known comprising the essentials 
of Comfort, Durability, and Cheapness. 

IRON BEDSTEADS, CRIBS, & CRADLES 

Of handsome patterns, beautifully finished and bronzed. 
Manufactured and sold to the trade by 

TUCKER MANUFACTURING CO., 

117 & 119 COURT ST., BOSTON, 

AND 

128 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, 










HEAR YE! HEAR YE! 



Hearken, all ye lean and gaunt, 

That racking Nervous Headaches haunt. 

Give ear, give ear, ye Bilious crowds, 

Whose cheeks the saffron bile-tinge clouds. 
Attend, attend, ye sore depressed, 

Who can’t the simplest food digest— 

To you is proffered such a draught 
As Hebe’s patrons never quaffed ; 

Ease, Health, and Strength ’twill soon restore. 

And, stepping backward from Death’s door, 

You’ll bless the skilful hand that blent 

The Seltzer’s every element 

In one rare antidote, containing 

Help, sure and swift, for the complaining. 


PREPARED ONLY BY 

TARRANT & CO., 

278 Greenwich Street, X. T, 


SOLD 13 Y ALL DRUGGISTS. 













MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR 


TABLE CUTLERY, 

Of Pearl, Ivory, Horn, Bone, Ebony, and Cocoa Handles. 

Also, Exclusive Manufacturers of the Patent 

HARD 

RUBBER 

HANDLE, 

Which is the most DURABLE Handle ever known. 

It is much less expensive than Ivory. 

It always retains its polish when in use. 

It is Warranted NOT TO BECOME LOOSE in the Handle. 

It is not affected by HOT WATER. 

A NEW THING!! 

Solid Cast-Steel Knife, 

Heavily Silver-Plated. 

PATENTED APRIL, 1867. 

For sale by all the principal Dealers in Cutlery through¬ 
out the United States, and by the 

MERIDEN CUTLERY CO., 

J^5 Beehman Street, New York. 









NORTH AMERICA 

Life Insurance Company, 

229 BROADWAY, 

Corner of Barclay Street. 


N. D. MORGAN, President. 



This Company offers better inducements to insurers than any other in the 
United States. NO LIMITATION TO TRAVEL, at any season of the 
year, in any part of North America, north of Mexico, or in Europe. 

rolicies Secured by Special Pledge of Public Stoclis 

in the Insurance Department of the State of New York, and each Registered 
Policy will bear a Certificate to that effect, countersigned by the Superin¬ 
tendent of the Insurance Department. 

This feature of security originated with this Company, and was the invention 
of its present President. Nearly five millions of its policies are already secured 
in this manner. Communications addressed to the principal office, or to any of 
its agencies, will be promptly attended to. 

J. W. MERRILL, Secretary. 























































































































































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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 


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